YISS (lifespan) developmental psych

What are basic assumptions in pyschosocial approach

the interaction and modification of 3 major systems produce human life (bio, psych, societal)

what are the 3 systems mentioned in the basic assumption?

• biological system

• psychological system

• societal system

bio contributor/predictor (risk factor) using poverty/dropout example

a student has mental or physical disability

psych contributor/predictor (risk factor) using poverty/dropout example

school can cause a lot of mental distress including anxiety and depression.

societal contributor/predictor (risk factor) using poverty/dropout example

• barriers to resources/limited access

• lack of community support that encourages the pursuit of higher edu

bio effect/outcome using poverty/dropout example

poor health

what are risk factors/contributor/predictors

places in a state of vulnerability of being effect

what are protective factors

provides good resources and guidances to prevent risk factors

psych effect/outcome using poverty/dropout example

social isolation/ shame bc of the stigma related to dropouts

social effect/outcome using poverty/dropout example

limited opportunities of social mobility

what are the 7 major theories to help explain human development

• evolutionary

• psychosexual

• cognitive developmental theories

• theories of learning

• cultural theory

• social role theory

• systems theory

evolutionary theory explained

• natural selection

• survival of the fittest

• idea that human behavior can be explained to serve the purpose of evolutionary function

psychosexual theory explained

• created by freud

• deals with the unconscious, preconscious, conscious (id, ego, superego)

• helps to determine personality including whether or not you’re more aggressive or realistic

what are the different types of defense mechanisms

• Denial

• repression

• projection

• reaction

• regression

• sublimation

• displacement

• rationalization

  • These typically happen unconsciously

explain the denial defense mechanism

• not accepting the reality

• won’t admit something is wrong

explain the repression defense mechanism

• not remembering/knowing the realiy

• typically to protect from guilt or trauma

explain the projection defense mechanism

• switching the actors

• putting ideas onto other people

explain the reaction formation defense mechanism

• acting oppositelty

explain the regression defense mechanism

• stepping back to an earlier stage of development

• ex: an only child of 10 years old suddenly has a new sibling and begins to act younger as a reaction to (for example, wetting the bed)

explain the sublimation defense mechanism

• channeling undesirable desire into something socially desirable

explain displacement defense mechanism

• directing your feelings toward an object less threatening

explain rationalization defense mechanism

• providing logical/rational reasons for unacceptable situation

What are the cognitive developmental theories?

• Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory

• vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

explain Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory

• schema

  • a person’s interpretation of the world

  • un

• universitaility

  • no matter where you are born (cultural context) these developmental stages are followed by everyone

explain vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

• zone of proximal development

  • opposite idea to Piaget

  • idea tha people develop their development based on their social/cultural context

what are the theories of learning?

• Social learning theory

• cognitive behaviorism

explain social learning theory

• learning via observation and imiitation

• role of modeling

• learning via vicarious reinforcement

explain cognitive behaviorism (theory of learning)

• cognitive map (tolman)

  • how you learn cognitively

• thoughts, ideas and memories influence behaviors

• shape how you react to certain experiences

what are the main idea of cultural theory

• cultural determinism

• enculturation

• cultural pathways

what is individualism in cultural theory

• fosters independence

• values individual achievement

• promotes self-expression

• values individual thinking

• associated with egalitarian relationships

• associated w/ private property and individual ownership

what is collectivism in cultural theory

• foster interdependence

• values group success

• promotes adherence to norms

• values group consensus

• associated w/ hierarchal roles and respect for elders

• associated w/ shared property and group ownership

what is acculturation?

• impact of a cultural outside your own

• process of change when you experience a new culture

questions to ask to determine what kind of acculturation

• is it considered to be of value to maintain relationships with other groups?

• is it considered to be of value to maintain cultural identity and characteristics?

if answered both yes for the acculturation question, what is that called?

integration

if answered no to both acculturation questions, what is that called?

marginalization

if answered yes to considered to be of value to maintain cultural identity and characterisics but no to if its considered to be of value to maintain relations with/ other groups, this is called

separation

if answered no to considered to be of value to maintain cultural identity and characterisics but yes to if its considered to be of value to maintain relations with/ other groups, this is called

assimilation