Architecture Appreciation - Dr. Briar Jones (Mississippi State University) Test 1

Why do we need Architecture?

Shelter

Architecture

Responds to the needs of its user and rises to the level of art

Why is Architecture important?

It permanently records a civilization's aesthetic tastes

material resources

politics

social aspirations

What are the 3 principles Vitruvius felt essential to Architecture?

1. Firmness (Structure)

2. Commodity (Function)

3. Delight (Beauty)

Visual Messages - Representation

Accurate record of things and/or experiences

Visual Messages - Abstraction

Simplification toward more intense, reductive meaning

Visual Messages - Symbolism

Substitution of an image for reality, general concepts, or ideas

Solids & Voids

The relationship between __________ and __________ creates architectural space.

Symmetry

Designing one side of a space to mirror the opposite

Asymmetry

Architectural elements that are unevenly spaced in size, shape, and/or position

Scale

A certain proportionate size, extent, or degree, usually judged in relation to some standard point of reference

Visual Scale

The size of proportion a building element appears to have relative to other elements known or assumed sized

Prportion

A quantified relationship among the parts of an element, as well as the relationship of that element to the whole

The Golden Section

A preferred ratio of objects

Massings

Composing three-dimensional shapes or volumes into a building design

Acoustics

The branch of physics that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound.

Context

The built or natural environment that surrounds new buildings

Style

A particular or distinctive form of artistic expression characteristic of a person, people, or period

Shed Roof

Slopes to one side

Gable Roof

Slopes to two sides

Hipped Roof

Sloping ends and sides that meet at a ridge

Pavillion Roof

Shaped like a pyramid and is used to cover a square structure

Barrel Vault

Semi-Circular roof

Gambrel Roof

The roof combines two different pitches below the ridge

Mansard Roof

The roof combines two different pitches below the ridge

Flat Roof

Made popular by European Architects of 20th C.

Rusticated Wall

Made of stone that are typically rough and raised off the wall surface

Half-Timbered

Having a timber framework with the spaces filled with masonry or plaster

Clapboard Siding

Wood siding laid horizontally

Board and Batten Siding

Wood siding laid vertically consisting of wide boards and narrow battens

Stucco

A course plaster composed of cement, sand, and lime, mixed with water, and used to cover exterior walls

Glass

A transparent solid used in a structural building but not for a structural way

Masonry

Brick, stone, and concrete blocks

Concrete

Poured in place, pre-cast, tilt up panels

Lancet Windwos

Popular in Gothic Structures, usually paired with decorative stone

Palladian Windows

A round headed window flanked by two smaller windows

Double Hung Windows

A window having two vertically hung sashes, each in separate tracks

Dormer Windwos

A vertical window in a projection built out on a sloping roof

Bay Windows

A window projecting from the surface of the wall to allow light from three sides

Ribbon Windows

Horizontal band of windows

Casement Windows

A window sash opening on hinges generally attached to the vertical side of the frame

Transom Window

A window above the transom of a doorway

Clerestory

A portion of an interior rising above adjacent rooftops and having windows to admit daylight

Arched Doorways

Associated with Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

Pedimented Doorways

A triangular shaped element historically made of stone

Venetian Door

A door opening, with a semicircular window (fanlight) above and flanked by vertical windows (sidelights)

Basic Issues with architect must deal with...

Program

The Building Program

A client's list of practical requirements for a design project.

Case Studies

A study of existing architecture that is similar to the proposed new project.

What are the steps to become a licensed architect?

1. 5-year BARC

2. Minimum 3-year internship

3. Pass 6 part ARE 5.0 exam

What are the 3 different architectural drawings?

1. Orthographic

2. Axonometric

3. Perspective

Orthographic

Straight, Writing

Plan, Section, Elevation

Axonometric

Axon + metron = "axis" "measure"

Depict and require measurements in 3 dimensions

Perspective

Depict and require measure in 3 dimensions

"Foreshortening" - parallel lines in the object appear to recede in depth

THIS IS HOW WE SEE - IT IS REALISTIC