Chapter 14: Brain

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to the structure and function of the brain and its protective layers.

Cerebrum

The part of the brain responsible for thinking, consciousness, sensory perception, and motor movement.

Diencephalon

A region of the brain involved in hormonal control, control of smooth muscle, and temperature regulation.

Cerebellum

The part of the brain that governs balance and equilibrium.

Brain stem

The part of the brain containing vital centers for breathing and blood pressure.

Meninges

The layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord.

Dura mater

The outermost layer of the meninges, a fibrous connective tissue.

Arachnoid

A layer of the meninges that has fine collagen and elastic fibers forming a spider web-like tissue.

Pia mater

The innermost layer of the meninges, consisting of fine collagen and elastic fibers that extend into the brain's sulci.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

The watery fluid found in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Choroid plexus

A structure in the brain capable of producing cerebrospinal fluid.

Blood-CSF barrier

A selective barrier that protects the brain from potentially harmful substances while allowing essential nutrients to pass.

Hydrocephalus

A condition caused by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, which can increase pressure in the brain.

Subdural space

The space beneath the dura mater; clinically significant for conditions such as subdural hematoma.

Arachnoid villi

Extensions of the arachnoid membrane that allow cerebrospinal fluid to be absorbed into the superior sagittal sinus.