Pharm Missed/Important Questions from Tests

What is an advantage of using amoxicillin over penicillin V?

Slightly broader spectrum

Which antifungal agent for oral candidiasis is available as an aqueous solution?

Nystatin

Contraindicated in a pregnant patient, has reduced effectiveness if taken with dairy products, antacids, or calcium supplements, and concentrates in GFC

Tetracycline

most likely to produce an allergic reaction

Penicillin

has the highest incidence of GI complaints of any of the antibiotics

Erythromycin

can cause black pigmentation of mandibular and maxillary alveolar bone and the hard palate.

Minocycline

Associated with a severe drug interaction with alcohol

Metronidazole

Which 2 local anesthetic agents have the potential to cause methemoglobinemia as an adverse effect?

Prilocaine and Articaine

Nitrous oxide, as used in the dental office, maintains the patient in stage _____ of Guedel's system of stages and planes

I

The loss of respiratory control (i.e., diminished carbon dioxide response, paralysis of intercostal muscles) first occurs during which of Guedel's stages of anesthesia?

II

Dental pain following a simple tooth extraction is best managed with which of the following choices?

Ibuprofen

The following are conditions for which opioid analgesics should be used with extreme caution or not at all except which one?

Hypertension

Which is an advantage of the NSAIDs over the opioids for the management dental pain in an opioid addict?

They are not addictive

destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria

antibacterial

the disease-producing power of the microorganism

virulence

inhibits or kills organisms that can produce infection

antiinfective

inhibits or retards the multiplication or growth of bacteria

bacteriostatic

high risk for addiction or abuse

Schedule II

available over the counter

Schedule V

cannot be refilled more than 5 times within 6 months

Schedule III

Cannot be telephoned into pharmacy

Schedule II

regulates manufacture and distribution of substances (with abuse potential) and ultimately determines whether a drug is considered a controlled substance and its schedule

DEA

responsible for creating pregnancy drug subsections and lactation subsections

FDA

Regulates the labeling and advertising of prescription drugs

FDA

Prohibits the false advertising of foods, nonprescription (OTC) drugs, and cosmetics

FTC

-Regulates the trade practices of drug companies

FTC

a

before

ac

before meals

bid

twice a day

c

with

cap

capsule

d

day

disp

dispense

gm

gram

gr

grain

gtt

drop

h

hour

hs

at bedtime

p

after

pc

after meals

PO

by mouth

prn

as needed

q

every

qid

4 times a day

s

without

sig

write(label)

ss

one half

T/F:

When a drug has affinity for a receptor and produces no effect, it is called an agonist

fasle

Most drugs are excreted through what mechanism?

glomerular filtration

The route of administration of a drug affects the

both the onset and duration of response

The following choices refer to adverse reactions involving exaggerated effects on target tissues EXCEPT

caused by a nontherapeutic action of a drug

Which herbal supplement products have been proven effective in protecting against plaque and gingivitis?

Triclosan and Xylitol

Physical dependence

is established by withdrawal syndrome and refers to the altered physiologic state that results from constantly increasing drug concentrations

Which of the following choices is NOT a symptom of ethyl alcohol intoxication?

constricted pupils

Which substance is associated with a deficiency of coagulation factors after chronic abuse?

Ethyl alcohol

What should the dental hygienist do first if a patient reports a suspected adverse drug effect?

Determine what drugs the patient is taking

Which dental anesthetic is contra-indicated for a pregnant woman?

Bupivicaine

What would be the best choice for dental anesthesia in a pregnant patient?

Lidocaine

The greatest risk to the fetus from exposure to drugs occurs

during the first trimester

Which of the following choices would occur during a generalized discharge of the sympathetic nervous system?

Gylcogen breakdown

The neurotransmitter released from a preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is

acetylcholine

The acronym SLUD denotes adverse reactions associated with administration of _____ agents.

cholinergic

Anticholinergics

Decrease esophageal and gastric motility

A drug with anticholinergic side effects might exhibit all of the following except:

increased salivation

Which of the following categories of autonomic nervous system (ANS) agents can cause an acute rise in intraocular blood pressure in patients with glaucoma?

Anticholinergic

Adrenergic agents should be used with caution in patients with (1) angina, (2) hypertension, (3) hypothyroidism

1 & 2

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter of the

post-ganglionic nerve of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Which type of agent such as donepezil (Aricept) has been FDA approved for the treatment of dementia?

Cholinergic agents

Which type of autonomic drugs are first-line therapy for overactive bladder (OAB)?

Anticholinergic agents

Indications for parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (PANS) drugs include all except:

treatment of bronchial asthma

Which is a major disadvantage of parenteral diazepam?

thrombophlebitis

All are factors that contribute to the effectiveness of benzodiazepine EXCEPT

Highly ionized form?

The SSRIs are first-line treatment for

major depressive disorder

All are adverse reactions to first-generation antipsychotic medications EXCEPT

excessive salivation

What antiseizure medication is most likely to cause gingival overgrowth?

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

The drug group of choice for status epilepticus seizures is parenteral

diazepam (Valium)

Each of the following effects is a characteristic of channel-blocking agents EXCEPT

orthostatic hypotension

-artan

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)

-Pril

ACE inhibitor

-olol

β-blocker

-dipine

calcium channel blocker

gingival enlargement is an adverse drug reaction

calcium channel blockers

may cause chronic unproductive cough

ACE Inhibitors

What antilipemic agent is commonly prescribed for trigeminal neuralgia?

Carbamazepine

What antilipemic medication has been known to produce osteomalacia?

Phenytoin

Gingival enlargement as a consequence of phenytoin therapy most commonly affects the __________ facial gingiva.

maxillary anterior

most common formulation of local anesthesia used in dentistry today

Lidocaine 2% 1:100,000 epi

indicated for a lengthy dental procedure based on duration of action

Bupivacaine (Marcaine) 0.5% w/ 1:200,000 epi

Pregnant patient in 2nd trimester

Lidocaine 2% w/ 1:100,000 epi

use should be avoided in minors

Prilocaine 4% w/ 1:200,000 epi