[07.33] Introduction to Functional Medicine V2.pdf

Non-communicable diseases

What are conditions of long duration and slow progression that are now the leading cause of disease burden in the Philippines?

Cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes

What are the four main types of Non-Communicable Diseases listed in the source?

Out-of-pocket spending

What remains the major source of health spending in the Philippine context for families dealing with NCDs?

3 months to a lifetime

How long must health conditions last to be categorized as chronic?

Asthma, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, obesity, and developmental disabilities

What are five examples of chronic diseases found in children?

ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, and cerebral palsy

What are three specific examples of developmental disabilities mentioned in the source?

Chronic lung disease and retinopathy of prematurity

What are two chronic consequences of low birth weight and prematurity mentioned?

Acute care model

What medical model dominated 20th century medicine but is ineffective for treating chronic disease?

Suppression and management of symptoms

What was the primary focus of the acute care model instead of addressing underlying causes?

Standard of care

What is the current model of care that utilizes the SOAP method for managing patients?

Patients are not adequately taught to care for their own illnesses

What is a primary flaw of the conventional care model regarding patient education?

Fragmented

How is the approach of the conventional care model described, noting it is effective for emergencies but less so for NCDs?

Systems biology-based approach

What type of approach is functional medicine, focusing on identifying and addressing root causes?

One condition can have many causes and one cause can result in many conditions

What core concept of functional medicine distinguishes it from organ-system based training?

Homeostasis

What is the term for seeking balance within our body systems?

Allostasis

What is the term for long-term adaptations to maintain balance in response to environmental stressors?

Allostatic load or overload

What occurs when long-term adaptations to environmental stressors become problems and lead to disease?

Infection, toxins, adverse experiences, and inflammation

What are four examples of stressors that can disrupt the balance of body systems?

Assimilation

Which core physiologic process involves digestion, absorption, microbiota, and respiration?

Cellular defense and repair

Which process involves the immune system, inflammation, and infection management?

Structural integrity

Which process ranges from subcellular membranes to musculoskeletal structures?

Communication

Which process includes the endocrine system, neurotransmitters, and immune messengers?

Transport

Which process involves the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems?

Energy production

Which process relates to energy regulation and mitochondrial function?

Biotransformation and elimination

Which process focuses on toxicity and detoxification?

Upstream

Functional medicine is described as root cause medicine because it targets biochemical pathways in which direction?

Asking the why of the why of the why

What repetitive questioning technique is used to uncover the source of symptoms?

Dysbiosis

What is the term for bad bacteria or a gut microbiome that is not diverse or healthy enough?

Gene-environment interaction

What enables the design of targeted interventions based on the unique characteristics of patients at the cellular level?

MTHFR and COMT

Which two genes controlling methylation are cited as potentially deficient in children with autism?

Activated Vitamin Bs

What specific supplement modification can support a deficiency in methylation genes?

Patient-centered and directed

What are the two primary characteristics of the therapeutic relationship in functional medicine?

Antecedents, triggers, and mediators

What three contextual factors must be understood to encourage trust and cooperation with the patient?

Mutual respect

The therapeutic relationship aims to create an environment of what between the patient and health professional?

Diet, nutrition, exercise, and movement

What four modifiable lifestyle factors are major parts of multimodal treatment plans?

Stress management, sleep, and rest

What are three additional lifestyle factors included in multimodal plans?

Phytonutrient, nutritional, and pharmaceutical

What are three types of supplementation mentioned as part of functional medicine interventions?

Personalized restorative and reparative therapies

What aid in restoring balance and might include meditation, deep breathing, or mindfulness?

MD, nurses, nutritionist, health coaches, therapists, and counselors

What are six examples of professionals that make up a collaborative care team?

Thriving health for the patient

What is the common goal of an interdisciplinary collaborative care team?

Functional pediatrics model of care

Which model challenges clinicians to focus on preventive, promotive, and proactive healthcare?

Precision and personalized healthcare

The functional pediatrics model extends beyond standard care to address unique needs through what two types of care?

Exposures to toxins in the household

Besides lifestyle advice, preventive healthcare in the spectrum model includes evaluating what?

Objective markers

Laboratory tests, both basic and special, are used in functional medicine to provide what regarding the patient's health?

Gene testing

What tool is now available to identify predispositions and address risks or modify treatment plans?

Detoxification

The spectrum of functional medicine model aims to support what biological process in the liver?

Health-oriented

While conventional medicine is disease-oriented, functional medicine is described as what?

Biochemical individuality

While conventional medicine treats everyone the same, functional medicine recognizes what principle?

Cost-effective in the long term

How is the cost of functional medicine characterized compared to conventional medicine over time?

High-touch and high-tech

While conventional medicine is primarily high-tech, functional medicine is both what and what?

Roots

In the functional medicine tree imagery, where are modifiable lifestyle factors located?

Trunk

Where are clinical imbalances or physiologic nodes located in the tree model?

Branches and leaves

Where are organ system diagnoses and signs or symptoms located in the tree model?

GOTOIT

What is the six-step heuristic or action plan used to approach the functional medicine encounter?

Gather, Organize, Tell, Order, Initiate, and Track

What do the letters in GOTOIT stand for?

Gathering oneself

What involves practicing mindfulness or taking deep breaths before entering a therapeutic encounter?

Intake forms and questionnaires

What tools are used to gather a detailed medical history appropriate to age and gender?

Nutrition-based findings and markers

When performing a physical exam, what specific markers should a clinician pay attention to?

Functional Medicine Matrix

What tool is used to arrange and categorize gathered data into physiologic nodes?

Risk and protective factors

The Organize step helps determine priorities by viewing diseases within the context of what two types of factors?

Tell

In which step does the clinician narrate the patient's story back to them to ensure accuracy and integration?

Acknowledge patient goals

During the Tell step, what must the clinician do to ensure they know the patient's reasons for consultation?

Reflective listening and motivational interviewing

What two communication skills are emphasized during the Tell step?

Conversation between clinician and patient

From where does the order and prioritization of interventions emerge in the GOTOIT model?

Mental, spiritual, and emotional perspective

Priorities are established based on the patient's perspective in which three areas?

Functional Medicine Prescription

Further assessments and interventions are initiated through what document?

Food plans

Instead of general health tips, the Initiate step involves providing specific what?

Track

Which step involves monitoring the effectiveness of the approach and checking compliance?

Functional Medicine Timeline

What tool is used to document and plot the temporal profile of a patient's history?

Temporal Profile, ATMs, and Signs/Symptoms Reported

What are the three main parts plotted on the timeline?

Pre-conception to the present

What is the time span of the temporal profile arrow on the functional medicine timeline?

Antecedents

What are factors that predispose an individual to an illness present before disease onset?

Inherited antecedents

Family history, genetics, and pregnancy environment are examples of what type of predisposing factor?

Acquired antecedents

Birth history, adverse childhood experiences, and antibiotic use are examples of what type of predisposing factor?

Triggers

What are factors that provoke the initial presentation of a symptom or illness?

Physical and social trauma

Besides bacterial or toxin exposures, what other factors can act as triggers?

Significant event with a distinct start and end

What is the definition of a trigger according to the comparison between triggers and mediators?

Seconds to days

The onset of symptoms from a trigger usually occurs within what time frame?

Mediators

What are long-term factors that perpetuate pathology or dysfunction?

Lifestyle, biochemical exposure, and chronic sleep deprivation

What are three examples of mediators mentioned in the source?

Mediators happen for a long and constant time

How does the duration of a mediator compare to a trigger?

Molds or toxins

What are two examples of environmental mediators that can be toxic to health?

Supportive factors

Besides contributing factors, what positive elements like a supportive sister should be documented in the mediator section?

Lay of the land

The functional medicine matrix helps the clinician understand what about the patient evaluation?

Coaching conversation

The matrix is designed to support the medical history intake and facilitate what type of interaction?

ATMs, Physiologic Nodes, Mental/Emotional/Spiritual factors, and Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

What are the four major areas of the functional medicine matrix?

Predisposing factors present before onset

What is the definition of Antecedents in the matrix?

Initiate symptoms or disease

What is the role of Triggers in the matrix?

Contributors to ongoing dysfunction

What is the role of Mediators or Perpetuators in the matrix?

Targeted interventions can have significant impact

Modifiable lifestyle factors are areas where what can happen?

Duration and quality

What two aspects of sleep are assessed in modifiable lifestyle factors?

Bedtime before midnight and screen use before bed

What are two sleep habits assessed by the clinician?

Cardio, strength, flexibility, and balance

What are the four types of exercise evaluated for variety and goals?

Barriers to movement

Pain, lack of space, and lifestyle constraints are evaluated as what?

What, when, where, and how

What four questions are asked regarding a patient's nutrition?

Coping mechanisms and self-care strategies

When exploring stress, the clinician looks for current stressors as well as what two things?

Availability of social support

What is assessed regarding relationships besides community or church participation?

Seven

How many physiologic nodes are assessed in the matrix?

Gastrointestinal and respiratory

The node of Assimilation parallels which two conventional systems?

You are what you absorb and assimilate

What is the saying regarding the node of assimilation beyond just what you eat?