General Biology 1: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

These flashcards cover the fundamental concepts of cellular respiration, fermentation, and the associated metabolic pathways based on the lecture notes.

Cellular respiration is the process that converts to and produces energy in the form of ATP.

Glucose; pyruvic acid

In respiration, oxygen is the final electron acceptor, while in respiration, it is not.

Aerobic; anaerobic

The __ cycle is responsible for the complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and produces ATP and electron carriers.

Krebs

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into __.

Pyruvate

During aerobic respiration, the electron transport chain occurs in the __ of the mitochondria.

Cristae

Fermentation produces __ if lactic acid is the end product instead of carbon dioxide.

Lactic acid

In the absence of oxygen, __ respiration generates 2 ATP molecules from one glucose molecule.

Anaerobic

The primary purpose of the electron transport chain is to create a __ gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Proton

NADH and FADH2 are known as __ that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

Electron carriers

Chemiosmosis occurs when protons move through __ to synthesize ATP.

ATP synthase

The overall reaction for cellular respiration results in the formation of __ as a byproduct.

Water

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate, which requires an investment of __ ATP.

2

The primary function of fermentation is to regenerate __ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.

NAD+

Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration because it produces __ ATP molecules per glucose.

36-38

The __ cycle starts with Acetyl CoA and involves a series of reactions that releases carbon dioxide.

Citric acid

Fermentation pathways are classified as and fermentation, depending on the end products formed.

Lactic acid; alcoholic