Unit 4 Vocab

African Union (AU)

A continental union that consists of 55 member states in Africa

(Benin and Botswana)

Antecedent Boundary

Boundaries in which were formed/existed before current settlements → often based on landscape

(Andes Mountains)

Arctic Council

Intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic

(Discusses sustainable development, pollution prevention, etc,.)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Political and economic union of 10 members in Southeast Asia

(Promotes facilities and intergovernmental cooperation)

Autonomous Region

A region of land that has autonomy/freedom from another country

(Kosovo - former Yugoslavia)

Berlin Conference

The meeting in which European powers split up the African continent in efforts to colonize and trade

(Germany took Namibia and Tanzania)

Boundary

A line that marks the territory of a specific area/region

(US/Canadian Border)

Choke Points

A geographic location in which the flow of people/goods can be ‘choked off’ in the event of a conflict

(Strait, mountain pass, bridges, tunnels, etc,.)

Colonialism

The attempt by a country to establish settlements/impose political and economic control or principles

(Colonization of the USA by the Spanish)

Consequent Boundary

A boundary between opposing groups that was created to end conflict

(Boundary between India and Pakistan to separate Hinduism vs Islam)

Defined Boundary

A boundary that is a defined by a legal document

(Border treaty)

Delimited Boundary

A boundary that is legally drawn by someone not directly involved

(Boundary between Alaska and Canada)

Demarcated Boundary

PHYSICAL line, boundary, or separation between things

(US/Mexico Border)

Democratization

The spread of representative government to more countries/the process of making governments representative

(Democratic transitions in Spain and Chile)

Devolution

Political, ethnic/cultural, or economic changes that can challenge state sovereignty

(Terrorism, genocide, etc,.)

Ethnic Cleansing

The murder of a certain unwanted ethnic or religious group - genocide

(World War 2 - The Jewish)

Ethnonationalism

A type of nationalism that defines the nation in terms of __shared ethnicity__

(Gujarat and Punjab tribes of India)

European Union (EU)

One of the Supranational Organizations, based in Europe, has 27 members, and was established in 1958

(Denmark, Austria, Finland…)

Exclusive Economic Zone

An area of the sea in which an independent region has rights regarding to the exploration and use of marine resources

(Energy production from water and wind)

Federal States

A country in which areas are self governed under a central, larger government - THINK: rules for everyone -> rules for a specific area

(Argentina, Belgium…)

Geometric Border

A boundary draw using straight lines with no regard to physical/cultural differences

(US/Canada Border)

Gerrymandering

The intentional drawing of voter boundaries to benefit one group over another

(Packing, Cracking, Majority-Minority Districts)

Imperialism

The practice of an area extending its power over other areas, usually by direct physical acquisition or by gaining political/economic control over the area

(Spain to USA)

\* colonialism is a type of imperialism, but not the only one

Independence Movements

The effort by people to create a new independent state inside of a preexisting state → devolution failed

(Scottish campaigned for an independent state separate from the rest of Britain)

International Waters

Areas of the sea where no state holds any jurisdiction

(The middle of the ocean)

Irredentism

A political movement that intends to reunite a nation/reclaim lost territory - heavily tied to nationalism

(Argentina declared war on the UK to reclaim the Falkland Islands)

Multinational State

A country with multiple cultural/ethnic groups under one government - no group is dominant

(The United States)

Multi State Nation

An ethnicity that is spread along in multiple states - tends to also be the majority (ethnicity) in the areas

(The French in Canada)

Nation

A group of people with common cultural characteristics

(The French)

NATO

One of the Supranational Organizations, based over many countries, has 29 members, and was established in 1949 → response to the start of the Cold War

(US, Canada, Denmark…)

\* Democrat values/fosters, mutual defense, problem solving, conflict prevention

Nation-States

Region where the state and nation are congruent - predominant ethnic group

(France \[the French\])

Neocolonialism

The use of economic/political/cultural pressures to control other states: especially former dependencies

(French Africa - the continued close relationship between France and their former African colonies)

Redistricting

The redrawing of electoral boundaries to ensure proportional representation - it is required by law and takes place after every decennial U.S. Census

(The boundary used the include neighborhood B/C, now it includes neighborhood A/B)

Relic Boundary

A boundary that no longer functions but can still be detected on the cultural landscape

(Great Wall of China and the Berlin Wall)

Self-Determination

When a country determines its own statehoods and forms their own allegiances/governments

(Scottish campaigned for an independent state separate from the rest of Britain)

Semi-Autonomous Region

Largely self-governing region with a higher political/organizational entity

(South Tyrol of Italy)

Shatterbelt

A geographical area that is endangered by conflicts within countries in the region as well as involvement by opposing power outside the region

(Balkan and Central Asia)

Subsequent Boundary

A boundary established after the settlement is created. It changes as the cultural landscape does and is drawn to accommodate developments like war.

(Boundary between North Ireland and Republic of Ireland)

Superimposed Boundary

A boundary drawn by a conquering or colonizing power that ignores existing (cultural) patterns

(Scramble for Africa - Berlin Conference)

Supranationalism

When multiple countries form an organization to collectively achieve greater benefits for all members

(7 main supranationalism organizations: NATO, AU…)

State

Politically bound area controlled by government that has authority over internal affairs and foreign policy

(United States, Mexico, Germany, Thailand…. \[countries\])

Stateless Nation

A nation of people without a state to consider as the ‘home (country)’

(The Kurds do not belong to any specific country)

Territoriality

Defined area of land/water that is claimed by a group/individual as and protected from external interference

(My phone was on the desk but I protected it from people trying to take it)

Territorial Seas

Any area of water in which a sovereignty state has jurisdiction over

(Territorial waters out to 12 nautical miles)

Unitary States

Sovereignty state governed by one centralized government - very little power is given to local government

(China - capital city serves as focus of power)

United Nations (UN)

Intergovernmental organization who maintain international peace/security, develop relations among nations, achieve cooperation, and harmonize actions of nations

(Promotes global disarmament and arms limitation to achieve peace)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

Adopted in 1982 to lay law and order in the world’s ocean by establishing rules governing all uses of marine resources.

(Establish continental shelf jurisdiction)

Voting Districts

Land areas assigned to voters with a large variety of poll areas

(Voting District 1 has polls set up at Lightridge, District 2 has polls set up at Champe)