LTHS Advanced Chemistry Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering laboratory safety, equipment, units, measurement accuracy, significant figures, scientific notation, dimensional analysis, and density based on Unit 1 lecture notes.

Goggles

Eye protection that must be worn over the eyes at all times while in the laboratory area.

Closed-toe Shoes

Footwear required during all laboratory experiments to protect feet from broken glass or spilled chemicals.

Apron

Protective garment worn during all labs to prevent chemical spills from staining or damaging clothes.

Fume Hood

Safety equipment used for any chemical reaction that may produce a harmful or toxic gas.

Wafting

The safe technique of using your hand to wave chemical vapors toward your nose to smell them.

Gas Emergency Shutoff Button

Safety mechanism that turns off the supply of gas coming out of all laboratory valves during an emergency.

Glass Disposal Box

Designated container where all broken glassware must be placed using a broom and dustpan, never in regular trash.

Eyewash Station

Safety equipment used to flush chemicals out of eyes, requiring eyes to be submerged for at least $15\,\text{minutes}$.

Safety Shower

Emergency equipment used to rinse off large quantities of hazardous chemicals spilled on a person.

Fire Blanket

Safety equipment wrapped around a person to extinguish flames if their clothing catches fire.

Fire Extinguisher

Equipment used to put out larger fires in the chemical laboratory.

Graduated Cylinder

Glassware used to measure precise volumes of liquids in $\text{mL}$.

Buret

Glassware with backwards-counting markings used to dispense precise volumes of liquids in $\text{mL}$.

Beaker

Large-mouth glass container used to hold approximate volumes of liquids; not used for precise volume measurements.

Erlenmeyer Flask

Small-mouth glass container with a wider base used to hold approximate volumes of liquids; not used for precise volume measurements.

Volumetric Flask

Glassware used to precisely prepare a specific total volume of a solution.

Test Tube

Glassware used to contain liquids being heated or undergoing a reaction.

Electronic Balance

Laboratory equipment that precisely measures the mass of a substance.

Hot Plate

Laboratory equipment that heats up a substance at a specific temperature.

Beaker Tongs

Circular tongs with rubber coating designed specifically to hold a hot beaker.

Crucible Tongs

Needle-nose tongs used to pick up small items in the laboratory.

Hot Hands

Silicon pads used to hold and transfer hot laboratory containers.

Striker

Tool that creates a spark to initiate a flame on a Bunsen burner.

Bunsen Burner

Gas flame burner that uses methane as a fuel source.

Ring Stand

Metal stand that supports various clamps and laboratory equipment set-ups.

Ring Clamp

Clamp that attaches to the ring stand to support equipment.

Wire Gauze

Equipment that supports items on a ring clamp and spreads the heat of a burner flame.

Test Tube Clamp

Clamp that attaches to the ring stand to hold a test tube.

Funnel

Equipment used to pour liquids into a small opening, or combined with filter paper for filtration.

Crucible and Lid

Small container used when strongly heating small solid substances to high temperatures.

Evaporating Dish

Container used to contain small amounts of solutions when gently heating to cause evaporation.

Watch Glass

Curved clear-glass plate used as a cover for beakers.

Well Plate

Plastic plate used to test small chemical reactions in micro labs.

Dropper Pipette

Equipment used to dispense drops of liquid chemicals.

Scoopula

Laboratory tool used to transfer solid chemicals out of their container.

Mass

Quantity measuring matter, expressed in SI units of kilograms or grams.

Accuracy

How close a measured experimental value is to the true or accepted value.

Precision

How close a series of measurements are to one another.

Percent Error

A quantitative measurement of accuracy calculated as $\frac{|\text{Experimental Value} - \text{Accepted Value}|}{\text{Accepted Value}} \times 100\%$.

Accepted Value

The true, standard, or theoretical value established by reference sources or instructors.

Experimental Value

The quantitative result measured or determined during a laboratory experiment.

Non-Zero Digits Rule

Significant figure rule stating that all non-zero digits ($1$, $2$, $3$, $4$, $5$, $6$, $7$, $8$, $9$) are always significant.

Leading Zeros Rule

Significant figure rule stating that all leading zeros preceding non-zero digits are never significant.

Middle Zeros Rule

Significant figure rule stating that all middle zeros located between non-zero digits are always significant.

Trailing Zeros Rule

Significant figure rule stating that trailing zeros are significant if and only if there is a decimal point in the number.

Present or Absent Decimal Trick

Method for counting significant figures where whether a decimal point is present or absent determines which side of the number to start counting.

Multiplication and Division Sig Fig Rule

Rule stating that the calculated answer should have the same number of sig figs as the number in the problem with the fewest sig figs.

Addition and Subtraction Sig Fig Rule

Rule stating that the calculated answer should have the same number of places beyond the decimal point as the number in the problem with the fewest decimal places.

Scientific Notation

A method of expressing numbers using a coefficient greater than or equal to $1$ and less than $10$ multiplied by a power of $10$.

Dimensional Analysis

A systematic mathematical method used for converting between units using equalities and unit cancellation.

Mole

A fundamental unit in chemistry representing $6.02 \times 10^{23}$ representative particles.

Avogadro's Number

The value $6.02 \times 10^{23}$, representing the number of items or particles contained in one mole.

Kilo- (k)

Metric prefix representing a scientific notation equivalent factor of $1 \times 10^{3}$ relative to the base unit.

Centi- (c)

Metric prefix representing a scientific notation equivalent factor of $1 \times 10^{-2}$ relative to the base unit.

Milli- (m)

Metric prefix representing a scientific notation equivalent factor of $1 \times 10^{-3}$ relative to the base unit.

Micro- (\mu)

Metric prefix representing a scientific notation equivalent factor of $1 \times 10^{-6}$ relative to the base unit.

Nano- (n)

Metric prefix representing a scientific notation equivalent factor of $1 \times 10^{-9}$ relative to the base unit.

Barometer

Laboratory device used to measure the pressure of the atmosphere.

Manometer

Laboratory device used to measure experimental gas pressures.

Density

An intensive physical property defined as the mass of a substance per unit volume ($\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$).