Introduction to Bacteria

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the structure, reproduction, and genetic diversity of bacteria.

What are pili in bacteria?

Stored, hair-like protein structures that help in the process of conjugation.

What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

Flagella serve as a tail that helps bacteria to move.

What is an endospore?

A heat-resistant structure found in the cytoplasm of bacteria that protects DNA from harsh conditions.

What does the endospore protect?

It helps to protect the bacterial DNA from degradation.

How do bacteria primarily reproduce?

Through asexual reproduction in a process known as binary fission.

What happens during binary fission?

One cell copies its DNA and splits in two, resulting in two identical cells.

Why are mutations more common in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes undergo binary fission quickly without many checkpoints to verify DNA accuracy.

What is a disadvantage of binary fission in bacteria?

There is a lack of genetic diversity unless mutations occur.

What is one method bacteria can use to exchange genetic information?

Conjugation, where two cells connect via their pili and exchange plasmids.

What is a plasmid?

Small circular DNA present in bacteria that can be exchanged during conjugation.