Grammer L13-L18

Vます＋たて

something freshly/immature occured

たとえ。。。V-ても, Y

even if…. Y

〜たりしない

nothing can be done

P+ほど

P is used to compared/similie

。。んだって

“they say” “i heard” - used for reporting informal speech

x　Vます/P　ながら、y

even if x occurs/is real, y contradicts

x。。。つまり

in other words

Pよね。

reconfirms smth both parties know

際（さい）

same as 時

x、y、といったZ

x and y are examples of z

にわたって・にわたる

something is taking a long/extensive amount of time

x　v-dic/て　いる＋うちに。。。y

x naturally causes y to occur

Nにとって

from the persepective of x

Nにおいて

fancy version of で

。。。P+わけだ

a conclusion was reached through understanding previously indicated info

P＋のではないだろうか

expressing a speakers conclusion

。。。っけ？

used to check when info is correct = でしょう

いA/なA　＋　げ

describing adj/feeling - something is like ____

Pという。

they say…

x　たびに、　y

everytime x happens, y also occurs

x　＋　に関する　＋　y

in regards to = について but fancy

x。。。yわけではない

y nagates/opposes the statement in x

Pのではないか

personal internal thoughts

x。。。。yのだ

in other words, restating x in y

Nほどの（もの・こと）ではない

not to the extent of another related event

Z —> xだけではなく、y

Z not only x, but also included y

x　といえば、y

y → speaking of x/in relation to x

Nに応じて

in response to a demand/request

Nによって

as a result of/because of

x　とみられる

according to x/they believe that

X　としている

official statements made by x

X　にもかかわらず、y

despite the pressence of x, y occurs

X　とともに、Y

x and y occur simultaneously

X　Vた　ところ、Y

because of x, y occurs (IN THE PAST)

あんまり　x から、y

because of x, y occurs

VP　＋ところだった

something almost occurs but didnt

N +　に限って、　y

y is a suprise outcome

x　は　y　からなって

x is composed of y

x　としては、y、z

y and z are included as a part of x

N上

for the sake of/for the standpoint of/ in terms of N

N~により・によって

indicates a means/methods

x　ことから、y

x causes y (result/fact)

Vない・せ　＋ざる得なかった

have no choice but to do something

x　Vてはじめて、y

x is necessary for y to occur

x　V/Nったら、y

y is a feeling of astonishment/criticism of x

xにしては、y

for the quality of x, the outcome is appears to be the opposite

x Pからには、y

because of x, then of course y occurs

P＋でしょ

confirming a statement = だろう

P/である　＋　に違いない

the speaker is convinced/believes what they are saying

x＋y　に比べて… reason

comparison of x and y

。。ものだ・ものではない

describing the essential essence of smth

だって　P+もの

(casual) making an excuse

x　たところで、y

even if you do x, y (undesireable event) will occur

だって

1) も

2) contrary to the expectation

3) listening items

P　こそ、x

provides emphasis on x

N とは Explaination

to explain a concept