W12 L2 - Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and Lipids Flashcards

Flashcards from lecture notes on monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and lipids.

What are the two fundamental types of monosaccharides based on the position of the carbonyl group?

Aldose and ketose.

What is a five-member monosaccharide ring called?

Furanose.

What is the full name of the monosaccharide shown in the image (D enantiomers with C6 above the ring and OH on the same side as C6)?

Beta D glucopyranose.

When a linear monosaccharide ring closes, what two products are formed?

Anomers.

Disaccharides form from two monosaccharides through which type of reaction?

Condensation (Glycosidation).

Are all disaccharides non-reducing? (True or False)

False. They can open up through mutarotation.

Lactose is formed from which two monosaccharides?

Galactose and glucose.

What structural feature between glucose repeating cellulose and the glucose repeating amylose enables them to adopt different structures?

Different anomers (beta glucose repeats in cellulose, alpha glucose repeats in amylose).

What is the main difference between the two polysaccharides in starch (amylopectin and amylose)?

One forms 1-6 glycosidic bonds (amylopectin).

What does phosphorylation of glucose lead to in the cell?

Membrane permeability.

A glycoprotein is mostly protein with some carbohydrates. True or False?

True.

Where are peptidoglycans found?

Coating bacterial cells and are targets for antimicrobials.

Do unsaturated fatty acids increase or decrease the melting temperature?

Decrease the melting temperature.

Fatty acids are linked to glycerol and phosphoglycerides with what type of linkage?

Ester Linkage

How many fatty acid chains does cardiolipin have?

Four.

UV light acts on a precursor of which compound to generate vitamin D?

Cholesterol.

Are formations of bilayers entropically driven, electrostatically driven, hydration driven or enthalpically driven?

Entropically driven.

What are Transmembrane components of integral membrane proteins?

Either alpha or beta.

Can channel transporters pump solutes against their concentration gradient? True or False?

False.

Do secondary transporters directly use ATP to pump compounds across the membrane? True or False?

False. They use an existing gradient generated by a pump.

What does glucose oxidase do?

Glucose oxidase is a very specific enzyme. It works with beta D-glucose and with oxygen to produce this lactone and hydrogen peroxide.

What does the Nelson’s Assay measure?

Nelson’s assay measures all reducing sugars.