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Interoception
The ability of the nervous system to represent the body itself.
Homeostatic signals
Sensation related to the body's internal state and regulatory processes.
Heartbeat detection task
A widely used interoceptive task centered on assessing an individual's ability to perceive their own heartbeat.
Interoceptive performance
The accuracy with which a person can detect objective interoceptive signals.
Interoceptive awareness
The recognition of one's own performance level in interoceptive tasks.
Chemoreceptors
Receptors that respond to chemical changes, playing a key role in interoception.
Mechanoreceptors
Receptors that respond to mechanical pressure or distortion, including stretch-sensitive receptors.
Vagus nerve
The cranial nerve that carries interoceptive signals to the brain.
Nucleus of the solitary tract
A brain structure that receives information from the vagus nerve and centralizes interoceptive data.
Viscerotopy
The organization of sensory representations in the body related to internal organs, similar to the organization of sensory regions for external stimuli.
Sickness behavior
A set of behaviors including irritability and exhaustion, linked to interoceptive signals from the immune system.
Emotional regulation
The ability to manage and respond to emotional experiences, correlated with interoceptive accuracy.
Gut microbiome
The community of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting interoceptive sensations.
Afferent pathways
Nerve pathways that transmit sensory information to the central nervous system.
Anterior insular cortex (AIC)
A brain region implicated in the processing of interoceptive signals.
Posterior insular cortex (PIC)
Region of the insula correlated with objective measures of interoception.
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
A brain region involved in emotion and interoceptive processing.
Depression
A mental disorder linked to decreased interoceptive accuracy.
Anxiety disorders
Mental disorders associated with increased interoceptive accuracy.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
A condition related to low interoceptive accuracy and awareness.
