BMS 212 exam 1

Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella is FALSE?

A) Prokaryotic flagella can rotate 360 degrees.

B) A "run" results from counterclockwise movement of the flagellum.

C) Prokaryotic flagella are composed of tubulin.

D) Spirochetes are an example of a bacterium that have an axial filament.

E) Prokaryotic flagella are anchored to the cell wall by means of the basal body.

Prokaryotic flagella are composed of tubulin

When assigning a scientific name to an organism:

A) the species name is capitalized

B) the species name is placed first

C) the species name can be abbreviated

D) both genus and species names are capitalized

E) both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.

both genus and species name are italicized or underlined

Who outlines the Germ Theory of Disease?

A. Joseph Lister

B. Louis Pasteur

C. Robert Koch

D. Robert Hooke

E. Aaron Baxter

F. Robert Hooke

Louis Pasteur

Which kind of microscopy reveals microbes as dark objects against a field of light?

A. Bright-field microscopy

B. Transmission electron microscopy

C. Scanning electron microscopy

D. Dark-field microscopy

E. Fluorescence microscopy

bright-field microscopy

When growing an organism what are some criteria we need to consider:

A. Oxygen requirements

B. Temperature of growth

C. pH of the media

D. None of the above

E . All of the above

all of the above

Which is true of simple diffusion of water for cells in the most common environmental condition?

A. Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure.

B. Water usually leaves the cell and produces negative osmotic pressure.

C. Water tends to enter and leave the cell equally, resulting in no pressure in the cell.

D. The diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane.

E. Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure AND the diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane

Why has population mobility led to an increase in infectious disease?

A. This leads to the inactivation of vaccines

B. It emphasizes how our lifestyle will influence the susceptibility to disease

C. It provides new food sources for microorganisms

D. It leads to the increase in antibiotic resistance

E. It accelerates the spread of disease.

it accelerates the spread of the disease

Fungal cell walls contain ____.

A. cellulose

B. lignin

C. chitin

D. ergosterol

E. peptidoglycan

chitin

Bacterial endospores function in what?

A. survival

B. reproduction

C. recombination of genetic information

D. nutrient intake

E. bacterial movement

survival

__________ microbiologists monitor community food establishments and water supplies in order to control the spread of communicable diseases.

A. immunologist

B. epidemiologist

C. industrial

D. public health

E. agricultural

public health

You have isolated a Gram-positive, motile cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume this cell has:

A. ribosomes

B. mitochondria

C. an endoplasmic reticulum

D. a Golgi complex

E. the cell should have all of the above

ribosomes

The vegetative hyphae:

A. Absorb nutrients and water for the fungus

B. Extend into the air

C. Are known also as the reproductive hyphae

D. Contain the spores or conidia

E. Are always septate

absorb nutrients and water for the fungus

When utilizing serology one compares _____ to classify bacteria within a species.

A. rRNA

B. lipid content of the cell membrane

C. cell wall carbohydrates

D. Biochemical reactions

E. arrangement

F. %GC content

cell wall carbohydrates

A classification system based on evolutionary relationships is called a __________ system.

phylogenetic

phenotypic

systematic

determinative

morphologic

phylogenetic

Cocci that divide along multiple planes will often form which morphological arrangement?

tetrad

staphylococci

streptococci

palisade

diplococci

staphylococci

Which membrane structure is continuous with the nuclear envelope?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

lysosomes

Golgi apparatus

cell membrane

rough endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Sequencing of rRNA is useful for:

determining evolutionary relationships.

determining protein sequences.

identification of unknown bacteria.

serological relationships.

determining evolutionary relationships AND identification of unknown bacteria.

determining evolutionary relationships AND identification of unknown bacteria.

If I need to isolate and grow a specific organism, which media type would be best suited for this activity?

Enriched

Plates

Broths

Transport

Slants

plates

In the field of microbiology, epidemiologists' goals are to _____.

understand the metabolic pathways of microorganisms

understand how to prevent and control the spread of infection

use microorganisms for the cleanup of the environment

trace where an infection originated

understand the cells and chemicals involved in producing a response to infection and/or self

trace where an infection originated

The term used to describe bacteria that are intermediate in shape between spherical and rod-shaped is:

cocci.

bacilli.

vibrio.

coccobacilli.

spirochete

coccobacilli

Fungi are classified according to their ______.

mode of locomotion.

color

mode of nutrition.

method of reproduction.

mechanism of photosynthesis

method of reproduction

The bending of light rays as they pass form one medium to another is called refraction. T or F

true

Which of the following refers specifically to a eukaryotic flagellum as compared to the flagella found in a prokaryote?

movement is produced by rotation of the flagella

the flagella are covered by a cell membrane extension

flagellin is the principle protein arranged in a helical pattern

the filaments require attachment to a hook in order to produce movement

prokaryotic flagella are used for attachment and conjugation

the flagella are covered by a cell membrane extension

______ fungi are capable of both unicellular and filamentous growth dependent on the temperature the fungi is grown at.

Coenocytic

Dimorphic

Chemotaxic

Heterotrophic

Saprobic

Dimorphic

Resolution is dependent on which TWO things?

Refraction and numerical aperture

Wavelength and refraction

Contrast and location of object

Wavelength and numerical aperture

Location of object and size of slide

Size of specimen and wavelength

wavelength and numerical aperture

Which factor is not a proof that mitochondria and chloroplasts could have been ancient prokaryotes taken into early eukaryotic cells?

Contain their own ribosomes

remnants of flagella structures have been observed

contain their own circular DNA

similar antibiotic specificity similar to bacteria

rRNA homology studies

remnants of flagella structures have been observed

The ________ is the entire interwoven mass of one multicellular fungal organism.

hyphae

sporangium

mycelium

pseudoplasmodium

conidiophore

mycelium

What type of microscopy is commonly used in the clinical setting to diagnose infections caused by specific organisms?

Brightfield

Darkfield

TEM

Fluorescent

Phase Contrast

Fluorescent

Flexible bacteria with a helical shape that are more often associated with human disease are called?

vibrios.

spirilla.

spirochetes.

coccobacilli.

pleomorphic

spirochetes

The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called:

facilitated diffusion

diffusion

active transport

osmosis

endocytosis

facilitated diffusion

Endotoxin is the product of what prokaryotic cell component?

lipoprotein

peptidoglycan

lipoteichoic acid

lipopolysaccharide

phospholipids

periplasm

All of the above

lipopolysaccharide

A mold is observed to have a sexual spore morphology containing an aerial hypha with 4-8 sexual spores enclosed within a sac, prior to maturation and release these spores undergo meiosis. This type of fungi is most likely classified in the:

Zygomycota

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Protozoa

Archaebacteria

Ascomycota

Who of the following provided the evidence needed to discredit the concept of spontaneous generation?

Pasteur

Koch

Fleming

Lister

Ivanowski

Pasteur

If you were using an organism's Macroscopic morphology for classification, you would not be observing what?

The colonies' size

The colonies' shape

The colonies' color

The colonies' growth pattern

The colonies' DNA

the colonies' DNA

The type of asexual fungal spore that forms within hyphae is called a:

sporangiospore

conidiospore

blastospore

chlamydospore

ascospore

chlamydospore

All of the statements regarding microorganisms are true, except:

Microorganisms aid in food production

Microorganisms aid in antibiotic production

Microorganisms live in the stomach, intestines, mouth, etc. of humans

The majority of microorganisms are harmful to humans/animals

Microorganisms aid in decomposition

The majority of microorganisms are harmful to humans/animals

Which of the following is NOT associated with an electron microscope?

an electron beam

magnetic fields

a prism

a fluorescent screen

a vacuum

a prism

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the:

ribosome

nucleolus

nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

lysosome

nucleolus

Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?

N-acetylglucosamine

peptidoglycan

lipoteichoic acid

endotoxin

mycolic acid

mycolic acid

Which of the following protects bacteria from lysis in dilute solutions and helps to determine their cellular morphology or shape?

plasma membrane

peptidoglycan

capsule

gas vacuoles

endospores

peptidoglycan

The inner membrane system of chloroplasts consists of flattened sacs called __________ that form stacks called __________.

thykaloids, grana

cristae, mesosomes

mesosomes, cristae

thykaloids, cristae

grana, thykaloids

thylakoids, grana

Which structure does not contribute to the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Microtubules

Peptidoglycan

Microfilaments

Intermediate filaments

Actin proteins

peptidoglycan

Obligate anaerobes may be cultured in the laboratory:

in a reducing medium.

in a candle jar.

in standard Petri plates.

on blood agar plates.

on blood agar plates in a candle jar.

in a reducing medium

______ determined that microorganisms are important in the environment and helped to develop the idea of bioremediation as we began to better understand the roles the organisms play in decay and the recycling of nutrients.

Sergei Winogradsky

Louis Pasteur

Eduard Buchner

Alexander Fleming

Florence Nightingale

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Sergei Winogradsky

The study of the evolutionary relationship between two different organisms is known as ________.

morphology

immunology

phylogeny

taxonomy

microbiology

phylogeny

Fungi fall under the category of saprobes which mean:

They live on the surface of other organisms

They obtain nutrients from dead matter

They live in a symbiosis community

They obtain nutrients from living plants only

They obtain nutrients from sunlight

they obtain nutrients from dead matter

Eukaryotic cells:

are more obviously compartmentalized than prokaryotes.

usually have a single circular supercoiled piece of DNA.

contain peptidoglycan in the cell wall.

have the same size ribosomes as prokaryotes.

usually have a single circular supercoiled piece of DNA AND contain peptidoglycan in the cell wall.

are more obviously compartmentalized than prokaryotes.

The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols.

T or F

False

The glycocalyx functions to:

protect from water and nutrient loss

help in biofilm formation

reduce the efficiency of phagocytosis

All of the above

None of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?

Most exhibit asexual reproduction.

They are single-celled organisms.

They are eukaryotic organisms.

They are the microbes most similar to plants.

They frequently possess cilia or flagella.

They are the microbes most similar to plants.

Of the following, which is not a characteristic of a capsule?

More organized than slim layer

Makes the organism more pathogenic

Easily removable

Prevents phagocytosis

Allows organism to avoid immune responses

Easily removable

Microbiologists must contend with unique problems when studying microorganisms. What is not one of these problems?

Pure cultures do not exist in nature

Groups of microbes must be separated from each other prior to study

Microbes must be grown under artificial conditions in the laboratory

Microbes are invisible and widely distributed

Contamination of a microbial culture is unlikely

Contamination of a microbial culture is unlikely

Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?

glycocalyces

flagella

fimbriae

pili

both fimbriae and glycocalyces

both fimbriae and glycocalyces

The two magnifying lenses found in a light microscope are the:

basic and transverse.

small and large.

ocular and objective.

simple and phase.

convex and concave

ocular and objective

If a cell was to undergo a mutation that significantly reduced the formation of Golgi, what cellular processes would be the most affected.

photosynthesis

the formation of proteins

synthesis of phospholipids

respiration (electron transport system)

production of lysosomes

production of lysosomes

Protein filaments that the major structural components of the cytoskeleton providing much of the strength are called:

microtubules.

microfilaments.

intermediate filaments.

mycelia.

flagella

intermediate filaments

The type of reproduction in prokaryotes that results in a palisade arrangement of cells is called:

pleomorphic division

endospore formation

snapping division

binary fission

longitudinal division

snapping division

Which of the following is true about fimbriae and pili:

Both function in attaching things to the surfaces

Both are assembled by adding protein monomers to the tips of the structure

Both are the same in length

Both are made up of pilin

Both help in the movement of plasmids

both are made up of pilin

Which of the following people are began simple microscopy experiments leading to the discovery of animalcules?

Edward Jenner

Louis Pasteur

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Francisco Redi

Robert Hooke

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Who discovered the first virus?

Ivanowski and Winogradsky

Louis Pasteur

Robert Koch

Ivanowski and Beijernick

Charles Chamberland

Ivanowski and Beijernick

When buds remain attached, they form a chain of yeast cells called:

pseudohyphae

septa

molds

dimorphic

mycelium

pseudohyphae

You have the following information:

Organism. Medium 1 Medium 2

Escherichia coli Red colonies No growth

Staphylococcus aureus No growth Growth

Staphylococcus epi. No growth Growth

Salmonella enterica Colorless colonies No growth

Medium 1 is?

selective

differential

both selective and differential

anaerobic

enriched

both selective and differential

As an extension to the last question, with the same data how would you characterize Medium 2?

Organism Medium 1 Medium 2

Escherichia coli Red colonies No growth

Staphylococcus aureus No growth Growth

Staphylococcus epi. No growth Growth

Salmonella enterica Colorless colonies No growth

Medium 2 is?

selective

differential

both selective and differential

anaerobic

enriched

selective