Reproductive Practice Questions

Genetic variation is NOT enhanced through __________.
A. fertilization
B. crossing over events
C. mutation
D. mitosis
E. separation of homologous pairs in metaphase I

d

In response to parasympathetic stimulation __________.
A. vessels in the penis constrict
B. fertilization is encouraged
C. spermiogenesis is encouraged
D. blood flow increases to the penis
E. ejaculation occurs

d

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that __________.
A. two more polar bodies are produced in spermatogenesis
B. the mature ovum is haploid and the sperm is 2n
C. one mature ovum is produced in oogenesis, and four mature sperm are produced in spermatogenesis
D. the mature ovum is diploid and the sperm is 1n
E. spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only

c

The organ that makes estrogen and progesterone is the __________.
A. vestibular gland
B. ovary
C. hypothalamus
D. vagina
E. pineal gland

b

The primary sex organ of the male is the __________.
A. penis
B. prostate
C. epididymis
D. testes
E. seminal vesicle

d

The reason why the testes are suspended in the scrotum is __________.
A. to reduce the chance of infection from the enteric bacteria
B. to place sperm storage sites nearer the penis
C. to protect sperm from the immune system
D. to create extra space for the sex organs
E. to provide for a cooler temperature

e

The sperm's acrosome __________.
A. beats, so that the sperm can swim
B. contains nutrients
C. has a high density of mitochondria
D. contains enzymes
E. provides the blood-testis barrier

d

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers __________.
A. uterine-lining secretion
B. FSH release
C. activation of primordial follicles
D. menstruation
E. ovulation

e

The usual site of fertilization is the __________.
A. uterine tube
B. vulva
C. ovary
D. uterus
E. vagina

a

The uterine layer shed with each monthly cycle is the __________.
A. myometrium
B. perimetrium
C. tunica albuginea
D. basal layer of endometrium
E. functional layer of endometrium

e

__________ cells, located between seminiferous tubules, produce testosterone.
A. Interstitial
B. Thalamic
C. Follicle
D. Myometrial
E. Sustentacular

a

In which uterine phase does the functional layer of the endometrium start to rebuild?
A. ovulation
B. menses
C. secretory
D. proliferative
E. preovulatory

d

What is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.?
A. genital warts
B. vaginitis
C. syphilis
D. gonorrhea
E. chlamydia

e

Which cell type is actually ovulated from the ovary?
A. tertiary oocyte
B. primary oocyte
C. secondary oocyte
D. oogonium
E. ovum

c

Which is the most correct sequence of sperm flow in the male duct system?
A. seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, ampulla, urethra
testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra, seminal vesicle
B. testes, ductus deferens, urethra, seminal vesicle
C. seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D. seminiferous tubules, prostatic urethra, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, ampulla

c

Which represents a correct cascade of reproductive hormones in males?
A. FSH, GnRH, testosterone, LH
B. GnRH, LH/FSH, testosterone, inhibin
C. FSH, GnRH, LH, testosterone
D. FSH, LH, GnRH, testosterone
E. LH, GnRH, FSH, testosterone

b

Within the ovary, progesterone is produced by the __________.
A. corpus luteum
B. primary follicles
C. secondary follicles
D. corpus albicans
E. tertiary follicles

a

Sperm are produced in the __________.
A. interstitial cells
B. epididymis
C. spermatic cord
D. seminal gland
E. prostate
F. seminiferous tubules

f

What hormone is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics found in women?
A. progesterone
B. LH
C. estrogen
D. prolactin
E. FSH

c

If the testes are both removed before puberty, will secondary sex characteristics develop in the male?
A. Yes, they will develop, but the man will be sterile.
B. Yes, they will develop and the man can produce children.
C. It is impossible to tell.
D. No, they won't develop and the man will be sterile.

d

The muscular wall of the uterus is called the __________.
A. endometrium
B. myometrium
C. perimetrium
D. epimetrium

b

Which of the following hormones causes the oocyte to mature?
A. FSH
B. estrogen
C. testosterone
D. LH

a

Which of the following statements about myoid cells is true?
A. They surround the seminiferous tubules and contract rhythmically to squeeze sperm and testicular fluid through the tubules out of the testes.
B. They form a straight tubule that conveys sperm into the rete testis.
C. They elevate the testes.
D. When they contract, they cause wrinkling of the scrotal skin.

a

Which of the following structures passes through the inguinal canal?
A. the spermatic cord
B. the prostatic urethra
C. epididymis
D. the ejaculatory duct

a

Which of the following structures makes up most of the male urethral length?
A. spongy urethra
B. ejaculatory duct
C. membranous urethra
D. prostatic urethra

a

All EXCEPT which of the following statements about a vasectomy are true?
A. The part of the ductus deferens that lies in the scrotum is cut.
B. It is a minor surgical procedure.
C. It is a highly effective method of birth control.
D. It is only about 10% reversible.

d

In response to warmth, the scrotum __________.
A. pulls the testes closer to the body
B. becomes heavily wrinkled
C. decreases blood flow to the testes
D. increases its surface area

d

The main component of semen is sperm.
A. True
B. False

b

The diploid chromosome number in humans is __________.
A. 12
B. 23
C. 46
D. 24

c

Which of the following is true about meiosis?
A. Meiosis involves only one cell division event.
B. Meiosis is how most cells in the body divide.
C. Meiosis leads to the production of genetically identical cells.
D. Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number.

d

Conversion of haploid spermatids to spermatozoa is specifically called __________.
A. meiosis
B. spermatogenesis
C. spermiogenesis
D. mitosis

c

The area of the sperm cell that contains many mitochondria is the __________.
A. head
B. midpiece
C. tail
D. acrosome

b

__________ acts upon the __________ to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
A. Testosterone; Sertoli cells
B. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); Sertoli cells
C. Testosterone; anterior pituitary
D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); anterior pituitary

d

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone?
A. maintains male libido
B. maintains male secondary sex characteristics
C. decreases sperm production
D. stimulates maturation of male sex organs

c

The ovaries are situated retroperitoneally next to the kidneys.
A. True
B. False

b

The __________ is shed during menstruation.
A. stratum functionalis
B. perimetrium
C. myometrium
D. stratum basalis

a

The __________ of the mammary glands are responsible for producing milk during lactation.
A. lactiferous sinuses
B. areolae
C. alveoli
D. lactiferous ducts

c

The pH of the adult female vagina is normally __________.
A. alkaline
B. basic
C. acidic
D. neutral

c

Choose the FALSE statement about oogenesis.
A. In oogenesis, three polar bodies and one functional gamete are produced.
B. Primary oocytes are stalled in prophase I until puberty.
C. In humans, the secondary oocyte must complete meiosis II before it can be fertilized.
D. Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries.

c

Which of the following is MISMATCHED?
A. luteal phase; characterized by decreased progesterone levels
B. ovarian cycle; monthly series of events associated with maturation of an egg
C. ovulation; secondary oocyte is released
D. follicular phase; maturation of a primordial follicle to form a secondary oocyte

a

The functional layer of the endometrium is shed in response to __________.
A. decreased progesterone levels
B. decreased estrogen levels
C. increased progesterone levels.
D. increased estrogen levels

a

Which of the following is NOT an effect of estrogen?
A. helps to sustain the density of the skeleton
B. promotes diuresis (water loss)
C. promotes oogenesis
D. promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics in females

b

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the female sexual response?
A. Female orgasm is not required for conception.
B. The final phase of the female sexual response is orgasm.
C. Testosterone is the hormone that is primarily responsible for female libido.
D. The female sexual response is similar to that of males.

c

The __________ develop into the female duct system.
A. urethral folds
B. paramesonephric ducts
C. gonadal ridges
D. mesonephric ducts

b

The irregular ridge on the midline of the scrotum, formed from fusion of the urethral folds during development is the
A. cremaster muscle.
B. dartos muscle.
C. myometrium.
D. raphe.
E. base of the urogenital triangle.

d

Large cells that nourish developing sperm cells and form the blood-testes barrier are
A. primary spermatocytes.
B. Sertoli cells.
C. spermatids.
D. spermatogonia.
E. sperm cells.

b

Given these cells:

1. primary spermatocytes
2. secondary spermatocytes
3. Spermatids
4. Spermatogonia
5. sperm cells.

Arrange the cells in the order in which they are produced during spermatogenesis.
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 2,1,3,5,4
C. 3,1,2,4,5
D. 4,1,2,3,5
E. 5,3,4,1,2

d

From each primary spermatocyte, __________ sperm cell(s) is (are) produced; from each primary oocyte, __________ secondary oocyte(s) is (are) produced.
A. 1, 2
B. 1, 4
C. 2, 2
D. 4, 1
E. 4, 2

d

A comma-shaped structure on the posterior testis; maturation of sperm cells occurs here:
A. prostatic urethra
B. epididymis
C. ductus deferens
D. ejaculatory duct
E. sperm bank

b

From the ejaculatory duct, sperm cells travel directly into the
A. seminal vesicle.
B. prostatic part of the urethra.
C. spongy part of the urethra.
D. membranous part of the urethra.
E. ductus deferens.

b

The cap (formed from the corpus spongiosum) over the distal end of the penis is the
A. bulb of the penis.
B. crus of the penis.
C. root of the penis.
D. prepuce (foreskin).
E. glans.

e

Erectile columns that form the dorsal surface and sides of the penis are the
A. corpus spongiosum.
B. corpora cavernosa.
C. crus of the penis.
D. glans penis.
E. root of the penis.

b

Which of these structures contributes the greatest percentage to semen?
A. bulbourethral glands
B. prostate
C. corpus spongiosum
D. seminal vesicles
E. testes

d

Testosterone has a negative-feedback effect on
A. GnRH secretion.
B. FSH secretion.
C. LH secretion.
D. Leydig cells.
E. a, b, and c

e

In the male, the process in which sperm cells, secretions of the prostate, and secretions of the seminal vesicles accumulate in the prostatic urethra is called
A. erection.
B. emission.
C. ejaculation.
D. orgasm.

b

At birth, a girl has in her ovaries many __________ that have started meiosis but stopped at prophase I.
A. primary oocytes
B. secondary oocytes
C. ootids
D. ova
E. oogonia

a

A primary oocyte divides to produce a(n)
A. oogonium.
B. secondary oocyte.
C. polar body.
D. ootid.
E. both b and c

e

The layer of clear, viscous fluid that is deposited around a primary oocyte is the
A. corona radiata.
B. cumulus mass.
C. primary follicle.
D. theca.
E. zona pellucida.

e

In the process of oogenesis, a polar body
A. is formed before fertilization.
B. is formed after fertilization.
C. normally receives most of the cytoplasm of the cell.
D. is a very cold cell.
E. both a and b

e

After ovulation, the granulosa cells of the follicle develop into a glandular structure called the
A. corpus luteum.
B. corpus albicans.
C. corpus spongiosum.
D. corpus cavernosum.
E. corpus delecti.

a

The funnel-shaped end of the uterine tube (fallopian tube) is the
A. ampulla.
B. fimbriae.
C. infundibulum.
D. mesosalpinx.
E. serosa.

c

The large, superior, rounded portion of the uterus is the
A. cervix.
B. fundus.
C. isthmus.
D. ostium.
E. body.

b

Which of these layers is shed during menses?
A. myometrium
B. perimetrium
C. basal layer of endometrium
D. functional layer of endometrium
E. both c and d

d

The superior, domed portion of the vagina is called the
A. columns.
B. fornix.
C. hymen.
D. rugae.
E. fundus

b

In the female, erectile tissue that corresponds to the corpus spongiosum in the male is the
A. bulb of the vestibule.
B. labia majora.
C. labia minora.
D. clitoris.
E. prepuce

a

Concerning the breasts:
A. lactiferous ducts open on the areola.
B. each lactiferous duct comes from a single alveolus.
C. they are attached to fascia over the pectoralis major muscles by mammary (Cooper's) ligaments.
D. even before puberty, the female breast is quite different from the male breast

c

The first episode of menstrual bleeding is called
A. PMS.
B. menarche.
C. menopause.
D. amenorrhea.
E. female climacteric

b

During the menstrual cycle, the time between the ending of menses and ovulation is called the
A. follicular phase.
B. luteal (secretory) phase

a

Which of these events is NOT correctly matched with the time when it occurs?
A. beginning of menses - day 1
B. ovulation - day 14
C. LH surge - day 21
D. beginning of proliferative phase - day 5
E. corpus luteum formed - days 14-26

c

The hormone responsible for ovulation is
A. FSH.
B. HCG.
C. GnRH.
D. LH.
E. progesterone

d

In the menstrual cycle, progesterone levels are highest during
A. the proliferative phase.
B. menses.
C. the secretory phase.
D. ovulation.
E. both b and d

c

The cause of menses in the menstrual cycle is
A. increased progesterone production from the ovary, which produces blood clotting.
B. increased estrogen secretion from the ovary, which stimulates the muscles of the uterus to contract.
C. decreased progesterone and estrogen secretion by the ovary.
D. decreased production of oxytocin, causing the muscles of the uterus to relax.
E. decreased production of HCG

c

While the follicle is developing, a positive-feedback loop occurs in which __________ stimulates the follicle, which increases the secretion of __________, which stimulates GnRH secretion.
A. LH, estrogen
B. FSH, estrogen
C. LH, progesterone
D. FSH, progesterone
E. FSH, LH

b

During sexual intercourse, oxytocin and __________ both stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the uterus and uterine tubes.
A. FSH
B. GnRH
C. HCG
D. LH
E. prostaglandins

e

The structure(s) that draw an ovulated oocyte into the female duct system are
A. Cilia
B. Fimbriae
C. Microvilli
D. Stereocilia

E. A and B

e

Secondary sex characteristics are
A. Present in the embryo
B. A result of male or female sex hormones increasing in amount at puberty
C. the testis in the male and the ovary in the female
D. not subject to withdrawal once established

b

Which of the following produces the male sex hormones?
A. seminal glands
B. corpus luteum
C. developing follicles of the testes
D. interstitial endocrine cells

d

Which will occur as a result of non descent of the testes?
A. male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body
B. sperm will have no means of exit from the body
C. inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testis
D. viable sperm will not be produced

d

Relative to differences between mitosis and meiosis, choose the statements that apply only to events of meiosis.
A. tetrads present
B. produces two daughter cells
C. produces four daughter cells
D. occurs throughout life
E. reduces the chromosomal number by half
F. synapsis and crossover of homologues occur

a, c, e, f