Chap 1: mechanisms of disease, diagnosis, and treatment

pathology consists of traits, causes and effects of

• abnormal conditions, causing measurable changes in structure and functions

  

homeostasis is the ______ ________ of the body

• internal stability

symptoms are negative characteristics of

• departure from normal status

symptoms are

• subjective

signs are

• objective

for objectives this is when

• someone else can see them

abnormal objective consist of

• acute and chronic

acute are

• recent, temporary

chronic are

• long-lasting

pathophysiology are the functional changes in body that result from

• disease processes

pathophysiology consists of measurable changes in

• normal changes and function that threaten homeostasis

pathophysiology: changes in the body can present

• asymptomatic

• syndromes

syndromes are a collection of

• signs and symptoms that make up a certain disease

pathogenesis is the

• development of disease in stages

  • acute

  • chronic

mechanisms of disease: systemic health is also called

• internal equilibrium

mechanisms of disease: systemic health are preserved by numerous

• body organs and structures that work in concert to meet specific cellular needs

mechanisms of disease: systemic health have major disruptions such as

• fluid and electrolyte imbalance

mechanisms of disease: systemic health have major disruptions such as

• acidosis

mechanisms of disease: systemic health have major disruptions such as

• alkalosis

superbugs includes CRE which is another

• cause for concern

superbugs includes VRE which is a problem in

• chronic care facilities

superbugs include MRSA which is to blame for

• skin and tissue infections

superbugs include

• virulent antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria

superbug: MRSA is the leading cause of

• surgical wound infections

superbug: MRSA is preventable with

• excellent hygiene

CRE occurs among patients

• receiving treatments for other infections

inflammation is the body’s nonspecific immune response to

• tissue injury and disease

inflammation can be

• acute or chronic

inflammation is the root cause of

• any process - know for test

does everything start with inflammation

• yes

cellular response to inflammation: leukocytes

• activity

cellular response to inflammation: neutrophils happen with

• phagocytosis of microorganisms

cellular response to inflammation: basophils release histamines which

• lead to inflammation

cellular response to inflammation: eosinophils are increased in

• allergic responses

cellular response to inflammation: T lymphocytes are active in

• cell-mediated immunity

cellular response to inflammation: B lymphocytes produce

• antibodies

cellular response to inflammation: monocytes occur in

• phagocytosis

cellular response to inflammation: macrophages are

• active in phagocytosis

what is the most abundant cellular response to inflammation

• neutrophils

treatments for inflammation are

• non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)

• glucocorticoids (steroids)

non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) include

• Analgesic, antipyretics and anti-inflammatory uses

  

non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) include

• Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) aka aspirin

  

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) aka aspirin is not recommended for children, under 8, because with viral infections can cause

• Reye’s syndrome

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) aka aspirin a lot of people are actually

• allergic to ASA

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) aka aspirin can cause

• ulcers, GI bleeding, tinnitus

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) aka aspirin can interfere with

• blood clotting by reducing platelet adhesion

non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are bad for your _________ so it’s important to not take them so often

• kidney

glucocorticoids are man-made steroid hormones valuable for

• short-term treatments

glucocorticoids interrupt inflammation by moving into

• cells and suppressing proteins that promote inflammation

glucocorticoids are good at getting

• swelling/inflammation down

some glucocorticoids include

• Betamethasone

• Cortisone

  

some glucocorticoids include

• Hydrocortisone

• Prednisone

  

some glucocorticoids include

• Triamcinolone

  

predisposing risk factors for disease include

• Race

• Family history

  

predisposing risk factors for disease include

• Aging

• Diet

  

predisposing risk factors for disease include

• Hormones

• Chemicals

  

can some predisposing risk factors for disease be changed

• yes, most can not be though

preventative health care is becoming the

• primary focus in health care

homeostasis is the state of balance among all body systems needed for

• proper functioning

genetic diseases: mutations: hereditary changes in

• genetic code

genetic diseases: mutations: abnormal presence of absence of

• entire chromosome alteration of chromosome structure

genetic diseases: mutations: include biological

• modifications

genetic diseases: mutations: can change

• cell structure

heredity changes can be

• single gene or several abnormal gene (causing polygenic diseases)

some immune disorders are

• hypersensitivity (allergies)

• autoimmune disease

• immunodeficiency disorders

hypersensitivity is the exposure to allergens which acts as an

• antigen

hypersensitivity can range from mild and self-limiting to

• severe and life-threatening

autoimmune diseases are marked by an

• inappropriate or excessive response of the body’s defense system

antibodies are formed against self-antigens

• mistakenly identified as foreign

it’s a mystery for what triggers an

• autoimmune disease

immunodeficiency can be depressed or

• absent immune response

immunodeficiency causative factors can be

• primary or secondary

what is the leading cause of death in young adults/children

• physical trauma

physical trauma requires precise

• assessment and management

physical trauma requires precise assessment and management to

• To prevent infection

• Minimize insult to body tissues

  

physical trauma requires precise assessment and management to

• Combat shock/hemorrhage

• Restore homeostasis

  

what are some chemical agents

• Pollutants

• Poisons

  

what are some chemical agents

• Drugs

• Preservatives

  

what are some chemical agents

• Cosmetics

• Dyes

  

malnutrition is a result of deficient diet or disease conditions that do not allow the

• body to metabolize, absorb or use food appropriately

  

malnutrition includes

• Easting disorders

• Iron deficiency

• Anemia

  

malnutrition includes

• Obesity

• Hypervitaminoses

  

aging is the onset of

• immunosenscence

aging: yearly physical exam recommended after

• age 50

aging: older adults have

• many life stresses

  • loss of loved ones, rising health care costs

aging: drug therapy is

• another major issue

aging: changes in

• body composition

aging: decreased

• total body water

aging: severe

• cognitive impairment

pain can be

• transient or intractable

transient pain comes and goes,

• brief duration and is often not significant

intractable pain is usually generated by

• nerve damage

intractable pain is

• debilitating

intractable pain can cause

• depression

pain physiology is the stimulation of

• nociceptors found on free nerve endings

pain physiology impulses travel through

• spinal cord to brain

pain physiology usually signals

• injury or tissue damage

pain physiology may travel a parallel pathway along spinal cord to brain, resulting in

• referred pain in another part of the body

physiological pain can bring feelings of sadness, despair,

• anger, depression, helplessness, hopelessness

physiological pain can impair

• thought processes