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Mitosis
The division of somatic cells resulting in identical daughter cells.
Somatic cells
Normal body cells such as muscle cells or skin cells.
Gametes
Sex cells, which include sperm cells and egg cells.
Chromosomes
Thread-like structures in the cell nucleus that transfer hereditary characteristics.
Replication
The process where the DNA molecule makes an identical copy of itself before cell division.
Chromatid
One of the identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.
Centromere
The point where two chromatids are joined together.
Interphase
The phase between two consecutive cell divisions where the cell prepares for division.
Karyokinesis
The division of the nucleus and chromosomes during mitosis.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane after mitosis.
Cancer
Uncontrolled mitotic cell division leading to the formation of tumors.
Metastasis
The spread of malignant tumor cells through the bloodstream to other parts of the body.
Carcinogen
Any agent that causes cancer.
Benign tumor
A tumor that does not penetrate tissues and is usually encapsulated.
Malignant tumor
A tumor that spreads between tissue cells and damages them.
Spindle fibers
Structures that develop between centrioles to help separate chromatids during mitosis.
Prophase
The first stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Metaphase
The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the cell equator.
Anaphase
The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.
Telophase
The final stage of mitosis where nuclear membranes form around daughter chromosomes.
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