Development Quiz Study Guide

Authoritative parenting style is characterized by __________ warmth and __________ control.

High; high

The __________ parenting style is linked to impulsive behavior in children due to low control.

Permissive

Authoritarian parenting is defined by __________ warmth and __________ control.

Low; high

Children with uninvolved parents often experience emotional and __________ issues.

behavioral

Trust vs. Mistrust is the first stage in Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development, occurring from __________ to __________ months.

Birth; 18

During the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, which occurs from __________ to __________ years, toddlers learn independence.

1; 3

Too much discouragement in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage can lead to __________.

guilt

Children develop confidence in their abilities during the Industry vs. __________ stage.

Inferiority

The stage Identity vs. Role Confusion occurs during __________ years of age.

12–18

Imprinting refers to the process where certain animals form strong attachments during __________ in life.

early

The critical period in development is the specific time when certain skills or __________ must be learned.

abilities

The debate between __________ and __________ focuses on the roles of genetics and environment in shaping behavior.

nature; nurture

Teratogens are harmful substances that can cause __________ defects if a fetus is exposed during pregnancy.

birth

Secure attachment is when a child is distressed when a caregiver leaves but is easily __________ upon their return.

comforted

Avoidant attachment is characterized by a child who __________ the caregiver and does not seek comfort.

avoids

In Mary Ainsworth's experiment, anxious attachment leads to extreme __________ when a caregiver leaves.

distress

The disorganized attachment style is often associated with __________ or abuse.

neglect

Harry Harlow's experiment showed that monkeys preferred the cloth mother, highlighting the importance of __________ and love in attachment.

comfort

In the Sensorimotor Stage, which lasts from __________ to __________ years, infants explore using their senses.

Birth; 2

Children in the Preoperational Stage struggle with understanding __________ errors and exhibit egocentrism.

conservation

During the Concrete Operational Stage, children master conservation and understand __________.

reversibility

The Formal Operational Stage allows adolescents to develop abstract reasoning and __________ thinking.

hypothetical

Schemas help us organize and interpret information and include frameworks like a child’s schema for __________.

dog

Assimilation involves fitting new information into existing __________.

schemas

Accommodation requires changing or creating new schemas to fit new __________.

information

Preconventional Morality defines moral decisions based on avoiding __________ in Stage 1.

punishment

Stage 2 of Preconventional Morality focuses on morality based on __________ gain.

personal

In Conventional Morality, morality during Stage 3 is based on social __________.

approval

Stage 4 of Conventional Morality emphasizes obeying __________ and maintaining order.

laws

Postconventional Morality challenges unjust laws and is based on the __________ Contract in Stage 5.

social

Universal Ethical Principles prioritize human rights and ethical principles in Stage 6 of __________ Morality.

Postconventional