Renaissance, Reformation, and European Exploration

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing core concepts, key figures, dates, and terms from notes on Renaissance Humanism, the Protestant Reformation, German politics, and European Exploration.

Renaissance Humanism

A movement focused on human achievement, intellect, potential, and a return to the philosophies of classical antiquity.

Partrich

Identified in the notes as the father of humanism.

Christian Humanism

A mix of humanism and Catholic Church traditional beliefs derived from studying the Bible, emphasizing living a good daily life rather than doing good works solely to enter heaven.

The Renaissance

The period following the Dark Ages when ideas harkening back to ancient Rome and Greece returned through art, literature, and buildings.

Alum

A resource found in Italy used by Italians to make textiles for money.

Attributes of an Empire

The four important attributes of an empire listed as government, religion, economy ($$), and social structure.

Protestant Reformation

A movement driven by a need for religious reform, sparked by church leaders going through the motions of Christianity, the collection of relics, and the sale of indulgences.

Martin Luther

A Catholic monk in Germany who taught that salvation comes from faith alone and that the Bible is the only source of religious truth.

The Ninety-Five Theses

A list of complaints posted on a church door on October 31st, 1517, by Martin Luther, calling to reform the Catholic Church rather than replace it.

Excommunication of Martin Luther

The formal removal of Martin Luther from the Catholic Church in 1521 after he doubled down, claimed the church had deviated too much from the Bible, and called for priests to marry.

Lutheran Sacraments

The only two sacraments retained in Lutheranism out of the Catholic tradition: baptism and communion.

Peace of Augsburg

A 1555 agreement in German Reformation politics establishing Catholic states and Lutheran states.

European Exploration and Expansion

A period spanning from the 1400's to 1800's where Europeans utilized new sailing technology to explore the Americas, Africa, and Southeast Asia.

Key Explorers

Notable figures of European exploration named as Prince Henry the Navigator, Christopher Columbus, Albikonky, and Megelenic.

Motives for Exploration

Summarized as Gold, glory, and God, driven by the desire to trade for spices, tea, precious metals, and luxury goods.