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What 2 Lymphocytes mediate the Adaptive (Specific) Immune Response?
B & T Lymphocytes
Where are B lymphocytes created?
Bone marrow
B lymphocytes primarily combat?
Bacterial Infections
and some viral.
B lymphocytes are said to have?
Humoral Immunity
Meaning they Secrete Antibodies into the Blood & Lymph Circulation
These antibodies circulate around the body and will bind to their target?
Bind to their target Antigen
Initiating Opsonisation
B lymphocytes are only activated when?
Exposed to the specific Antigen
Once activated B Lymphocytes can?
Proliferate
- Vast Cellular Replication
Each B- lymphocyte produces a single species of?
Antibodies
Each antibody has a unique antigen…?
Antigen Binding Site
Plasma Cells produce?
Proteins and secrete them into circulation.
2,000 Antibodies per second
Once a circulating antibody binds to the antigen on the pathogenic cell surface and activates the complement system it can result in?
Membrane Attack Complex
Opsonisations
Neutralization
Agglutination
What is Opsonisation?
Labelling a target cell for Phagocytosis
What is Membrane Attack Complex?
Insertion of large holes in the cellular membrane disrupting the pathogens ability to regulate
its internal environment
What is Neutralisation ?
Huge amount of antibodies can bind to the pathogen,
completely covering its surface which inhibits pathogen movement and infectivity
What is Agglutination?
Antibodies can clump pathogenic cells together inhibiting movement
and making destruction of the pathogenic cells easier for macrophages
Active Immunity develops when?
When the body produces its own response to An Pathogen/Antigen
Describe Primary Response in relation to Active Immunity?
1st Time body encounters the Pathogen/ Antigen
Response time to produce Antibodies is slow.
Antibody once made is synthesized and ready for replication
Describe Secondary Response in relation to Active Immunity?
Within a day a high concentration of antibodies is detectable.
What is Passive Immunity?
Immune Protection through Transfer of Antibodies.
From a Non-Endogenous Source.