5.1 types of hyperlipidaemia

hyperlipidaemia is categorised into

• primary (familial)

  1. types 1: lipoprotein lipase deficiency

  2. type 2: familial hypercholesterolemia

  3. type 3: dysbetalipoproteinemia

  4. type 4: familial hypertriglyceridemia

• acquired (secondary)

primary hyperlipidaemia

genetic conditions passed through families leading to abnormal lipid levels

1. type 1 lipoprotein lipase deficiency cause 

a deficiency in the enzymes lipoprotein lipase/ apolipoprotein C2 which are crucial for breaking down triglycerides from chylomicrons in the blood 

1. type 1 lipoprotein lipase deficiency effect

increased chylomicrons in the blood stream → hyperlipidaemia

2. type 2 familial hypercholesterolemia: Type 2A

characterised by an increase in LDL caused by mutation in LDL receptor gene

2. type 2 familial hypercholesterolemia: Type 2B

involves elevated LDL and VLDL linked to defective regulation of lipoprotein production

2. type 2 familial hypercholesterolemia effect

both subtypes result in elevated cholesterol levels particularly in LDL AKA bad cholesterol

3. type 3 dysbetalipoproteinamia cause

defective ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) a protein involved in lipid metabolism playing a role in the clearance of chylomicron remnants and VLDL from the blood stream

3. type 3 dysbetalipoproteinamia effect

elevated triglyceride levels in the blood increasing the risk of atherosclerosis 

4. type 4 familial hypertriglyceridemia cause

characterised by increased VLDL production in the liver

4. type 4 familial hypertriglyceridemia effect

elevated triglyceride levels in the blood which can increase risk of cardiovascular disease

acquired hyperlipidaemia

occurs due to systematic disorders or certain medication

acquired hyperlipidaemia causes

• diabetes

• hypothyroidism

• medications

diabetes

insulin resistance in diabetes can increase production of VLDL and decrease HDL

hypothyroidism

low thyroid levels reduce lipid metabolism leading to elevated cholesterol levels and LDL

medications

thiazine diuretics can raised the lipid levels by altering fat metabolism