Swimming

White muscle

this is best for:

-quick bursts

-has little vascularization

-has few mitochondria

-low myoglobin

-Anaerobic respiration (glycolysis)

-Higher power production

Red Muscle

This is best for:

-slow, cruising

-has high vascularization

-Many mitochondria

-High myoglobin

-Aerobic respiration (oxidative)

-lower power production

Pink Muscle

this is best for:

-Oxidative capacity

-Sustained swimming

-intermediate swimming speeds

-Power swimming at cold temps

Undulation

wavelengths pass down length of body

Oscillation

When fins move back and forth, pivots on a base

Anguilliform swimming

-Force: Entire body undulates

-Form: Undulations that are s shaped

- body goes rigid to stop

Suction based propulsion

-sucks water towards itself to move forward

-creates a pocket of low pressure water

Subcarangiform swimming

propulsion comes from undulation of the entire body, but the tail moves more than the head

-Force: posterior portion of body (2/3 to 1/2)

-Form: Undulation

Carangiform swimming

propulsion comes from undulation of the posterior of the body and the tail

-Force: less than 1/2 to 1/3 of body flexes

-Form: side to side undulations are confined to last third of body length

-stiff and deeply forked caudal fin to reduce turbulence and frictional drag

Thunniform swimming

propulsion only comes from undulation of a narrow peduncle and deeply forked caudal fin

"wing on a stick"

Rajiform Swimming

Slow undulation of pectoral fins, with wing-like 'flapping'

Labriform swimming

Propulsion by rapid undulation of the pectoral fins

-oscillate pectorals sculling and maneuvering

Amiiform swimming

undulation along dorsal fins

Gymnotiform

Undulation along anal fin

Tetraodontiform swimming

Asynchronous oscillations of dorsal and anal fins.

Syngnathiform swimming

-Seahorses

-all fins more or less at same time