History study guide Honors

social changes of the 1920’s (Increasing Consumerism)

after the war there was a burst of prosperity= more money

ppl spent money on wants not only needs (credit cards)

advertisements became more popular

borrowing and spending

social changes of the 1920’s (Harlem Renaissance)

a newfound respect of AA culture, art, writings and music

famous people: langston hughes, louis armstrong

jazz era

social changes of the 1920’s (Prohibition)

18th amendment

created illegal activities= speakeasies, bootleggers, moonshine

mob/mafia= Al Capone

social changes of the 1920’s (Popularity of Radio and Movies)

Radios more affordable, everyone has one!

Brings families together (like the TV)

Movies bring a new attitude to actors and actresses

“talkies”= movies with sound (The Jazz Singer)

social changes of the 1920’s (Sports Mania)

more leisure time and money= increase in attendance to sports

baseball= babe ruth, football, boxing

social changes of the 1920’s (Improved Transportation)

Henry Ford and his assembly line= Ford Model T. (an affordable car)

1st passenger flights= Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart

social changes of the 1920’s (Changing role of Women)

19th amendment passed

flapper image (less modest)

traditional values being challenged

Review the concept of Nativism and list examples of this seen in the 1920’s

-the new KKK of the 1920s

-only natives (white and protestant) were real americans (nativism)

-publically emphasized the Klan was patriotic and benevolent

-privately they continued to use violence 

-lynching occurred regularly (hangings)

Red scare

refers to the fear of communism in the US during the 1920’s.

-anticommunist hysteria is on the rise

-government organized attacks on radicals and foreigners during a period called “RED SCARE”

-Attorney General Palmer mobilized officials to arrest/deport “reds” or communists= Palmer raids

-started pushing anti-communist/ immigration laws

-National Origins Act of 1924 (quotas on immigration)

red scare events of the Sacco and Vanzetti Trial:

-2 italian immigrants arrested for the murder of 2 men and electrocuted

-both carried guns when arrested that matched the murder weapon

Marcus Garvey (Who and what)

Garvey was the founder and head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).

Garvey encouraged people of African descent to:

• Reconnect with Africa

• Build an independent African nation

-black radical who believes that black people should go back to africa because they will never be equal to white people

Key causes of the Great Depression: 1929-1941, unemployment 25%

Stock Market Crash of 1929- Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929, the stock market collapsed

Speculation: high-risk investments hoping to obtain large profits

Problems in the agricultural sector

Wealth is distributed unequally- Wealth in the 1920s was very unevenly distributed.

• A small percentage of people held most of the money.

• Many workers earned low wages and couldn’t buy the goods being produced.

Because consumer spending was weak, the economy became unstable.

Easy credit card hides problems!

bank failures- People rushed to withdraw their savings in bank runs.

• Banks didn’t have enough cash to cover withdrawals.

overproduction of goods-

During the 1920s, factories and farms produced more goods than people could buy.

Examples:

• Farmers produced too much crops.

• Factories made more cars, appliances, and clothing than consumers could afford.

When products didn’t sell, companies cut production and laid off workers.

Hoover’s concept of “Rugged Individualism?

“Rugged Individualism”- only personal effort can wealth & success be achieved.

-solutions- provide tax reliefs, keep a balanced budget, limit federal aid to the poor, and rely on private charities and local governments while encouraging voluntary business cooperation.

Hawley smoot tariff and hoover dam

Hawley-Smoot tariff- raised taxes (tariffs) on imported goods.protect American businesses, but other countries retaliated, which reduced global trade and made the Great Depression worse

Hoover Dam- created jobs, Government Economic Support, was a huge government construction project that created jobs and helped the economy while also providing electricity, water, and flood control for the western United States.

bonus army

causes- Jobless WW1 Veterans wanted the pension $ promised to them

• Camped out all over Washington D.C. until they receive it (in protest)

• effects-Hoover sends General MacArthur in to remove protestors by force

• Brings sympathy to marchers and hatred towards Hoover!

dustbowl

- a storm of dust from droughts and dry soil

What was the New Deal

 New Deal became known as the three "R's" of relief, recovery and reform. The programs created to meet these goals generated jobs and more importantly, hope for many Americans struggling to get by. 

NEW DEAL (RELIEF)

immediate action taken to help the americans and stop the economies deterioration.

-Emergency bank act aka bank holiday, CCC, FERA

NEW DEAL (REFORM)

permanent programs created to avoid another depression and ensure americans do not face similar economic disasters 

-FDIC, SEC, social security, TVA

NEW DEAL (RECOVERY)

temporary programs to restart the flow of consumer demand 

-AAA, WPA, HOLC

WPA Key New Deal programs

WPA- Gave jobs to millions of unemployed people to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads.

Key New Deal programs AAA

AAA- Paid farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock in order to raise the value of crops.

FDIC Key New Deal programs

Provided deposit insurance to depositors in US banks in order to restore trust in the American banking system. AND SEC

HOLC Key New Deal programs

Used bonds to issue new mortgages to families currently in default and to prevent foreclosure.

CCC Key New Deal programs

Provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands.

TVA Key New Deal programs

Provided flood control, electricity generation, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley.

Criticisms of the New Deal

 

-Too little support for minorities

-Trying to please too many groups at the same time

-Interfering too much/too little in people's lives (Dependency??)

Legacy of the New Deal

Federal government has more role and regulates more aspects of society than before.

What was the “court packing scandal?”

FDR'S PLAN: ask congress for power to appoint 1 additional judge for every justice over 70 who declined to retire

What does it challenge?

-challenges checks and balances of the president

Purpose- increase efficiency 

reality- target 6 of 9 supreme court justices who challenged his domestic programs

Who was Huey Long and what did he want?

MAIN GOAL: To redistribute the nation's wealth

take from the wealthy and redistribute the wealth to the poor

banks

Why do the banks close?- American rushed to the banks withdrew money and there was no money protection= banks run out of money

What are the effects of the banks closing? -people lost all their money 

How does the Depression go global? - U.S. investors have little or no money to invest abroad

people

What % of the labor force is unemployed during the Great Depression? -25%

How does the Depression affect women? -laws passed that ensured married women couldn't work, women who worked were blamed for men being jobless, they also had to provide for kids.                          

African Americans? - became unemployed so whites could be hired. 

oakies

- families who migrated to california to find work as migrant farmers

hoovervilles

cardboard shacks, packing boxes and any scraps, these made up homeless communities. Named after Hoover bc ppl felt he did nothing to help. 

What did people believe about themselves if they were jobless/homeless?

-They believed it was their own fault, public relief discouraged the poor from looking for work. 

Describe the relief programs available from the city governments

 soup kitchens, breadlines shelters, American Red Cross, 

FDR

Philosophy:

Large scale problems require federal governments help

• Outcome: FDR wins by a HUGE margin. Most people voted “Against Hoover, not necessarily for Hoover”

• Events leading to the election of 1932:

• Hoovers limited strategy:    

   -Limited  strategy

• voluntary actions fail

• Last minute relief..

  • Ex: Hawley smooth tariff

  • Ex: hoover dam

• Wanted state/local governments to handle relief programs… no $

surviving depression

• Americans pull together

• Prohibition is repealed ( 21st amendment)

• Empire states building is built