Network Devices

Routers

Forward traffic between IP subnets based on destination IP address (Layer 3 devices).

Layer 3 switches

Switches with routing capabilities for forwarding traffic between networks.

Switches

Forward traffic based on destination MAC addresses (Layer 2 devices).

Managed Switches

Offer VLANs, traffic prioritization, and SNMP capabilities for network management.

Power Over Ethernet (PoE)

Enables switches to power devices like access points and cameras.

Access Points (APs)

Provide wireless connectivity bridging wired and wireless networks.

Patch Panels

Organize and connect multiple cables centrally for easy network changes.

Firewalls

Control traffic based on IP addresses, port numbers, or application data (Layer 4 and Layer 7).

Hubs

Basic devices broadcasting incoming traffic to all ports, now largely obsolete.

Modems

Cable Modems use DOCSIS for broadband over cable TV lines; DSL Modems use telephone lines.

ONT (Optical Network Terminal)

Converts fiber optic signals to copper Ethernet for user connectivity.

Network Interface Cards (NICs)

Provide network connectivity for devices via copper, fiber, or wireless connections.