Special Pops Lecture 17: Veterinary Medicine | Quizlet

What does the AVMA officially recognize?

the existance of a human-animal bond and its important to client and community health

People that are in contact with animals experience what benefits?

Lower BP

Reduced anxiety

General well being

The law requires that what must be present before a veterinarian can write a prescription?

a veterinarian-client-patient relationship (VCPR)

What does the AVMA recommend be on a veterinary prescription?

Much of the same in addition to:

- Name of the clients

- ID of animal treated

- species of animal

What does veterinary law state about using human products in animals?

Standards vary but pharacist must counsel patient on the use of the medication and gets consent for the product to be used

What is considered to be the gold standard of veterinary drug resources?

Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook

What resource is the gold standard for pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting dogs and cats?

Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Expert Consult

What are the most common OTC medications requested for animals?

APAP (dogs)

Aspirin (coated/buffered)

Famotidine

Omeprazole

Benadryl

Dextromethorphan

Loperamide

What is the normal BG for a dog with diabetes?

79-126 mg/dL

What is the normal BG for a cat with diabetes?

62-132 mg/dL

What is the goal treatment BG for dogs?

90-126 mg/dL

What is the goal treatment BG for cats?

80-240 mg/dL

Why is it important to test for glucosuria in cats?

can get elevated BG levels due to sickness/stress

What is the treatment for diabetes in dogs?

Insulin

What is the treatment for diabetes in cats?

Insulin (less reliable response)

PO Glipizide

Where can insulin be injected in both dogs and cats?

Scruff

Side of chest

Side of belly

Flank

What is the main difference between pet and human insulins?

Pet insulin is 40 IU/mL and with RED tops whereas humans are 100 IU/mL with ORANGE tops

What is the treatment of hypoglycemia in dogs and cats?

Mild - CHO containing food

Moderate - dextrose gel, corn syrup, honey

Severe - corn syrup (rub on oral membranes)

Where can dogs/cats test their BG?

Upper lip

Back at base of tail

Elbow callous

Ear

With thyroid disorders, dogs tend to get what?

HYPOthyroidism

With thyroid disorders, cats tend to get what?

HYPERthyroidism

What are the s/sx of hypothyroidism in dogs?

Mental dullness

Lethargy

Exercise intolerance

Weight gain w/o appetite increase

Heat seeker

Alterations in skin and coat

What is the preferred treatment for hypothyroidism in dogs?

Synthetic thyroid hormone replacement (L-T4)

Levothyroxine

What is the recommended dose of levothyroxine for dogs?

0.1mg/10 lbs of body weight QD-BID

What is the most important when treating dogs for hypothyroidism?

CLINICAL RESPONSE

Why is the levothyroxine dose higher in dogs than it is in humans?

poorly absorbed

What are the s/sx of hypothyroidism in cats?

Lethargy

Exercise intolerance

Heat seeking

What is the starting dose of Levothyroxine for cats?

0.075 mg PO BID

When is hyperthyroisim common in cats?

middle aged to old cats

What are s/sx of hyperthyroidism in cats?

Weight loss

Increased appetite

Hyperexcitability

Polyuria

GI signs

What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats?

Radioactive iodine (gold standard)

Surgery

Methimazole

Beta blockers

Diet restrictions

Which medication does NOT lower the circulating T4 concentration when treating hyperthyroidism in cats?

Beta bockers (symptomatic treatment)

What are the s/sx of diabetes insipidus in dogs/cats?

Excrete large volumes of hypotonic urine

Drink lots of water

What is the treatment of diabetes insipidus in dogs/cats?

Desmopressin acetate (low production)

Thiazide diuretics (not respond to ADH)

Low sodium diet

When is epilepsy treated medically in dogs and cats?

2+ seizures within 12 weeks

2+ cluster seizures within 4 weeks

Severe ictal or postictal stages

Very infrequent episodes and the owner cannot deal with it

What are the treatment options for epilepsy in dogs/cats?

Phenobarbital (1st line)

Potassium bromide

Sodium bromide

Zonisamide

Levetiracetam

ADRs of Phenobarbital

Lethargy

Weakness

Ataxia

What is important when giving bromides to treat epilepsy in dogs/cats?

limiting external electrolytes (Na, K)

What are the s/sx of Cushing's syndrome in dogs?

Exopthalamos

Fat pads

Depression

Comedones

Bilateral alopecia

Muscle wasting

Striae

Pendulous abdomen

What is the treatment for Cushing's disease from a pituitary tumor in dogs/cats?

Mitotane

Trilostane

Selegiline (2nd line)

Radiation (3rd line)

What are the s/sx of Addison's disease in dogs/cats?

Gastroenteritis

Slow progressive loss of body condition

Failure to respond adequately to stress

What is done to address Addison's crisis in dogs/cats?

IV fluids

Insulin (if high K+)

Steroids

Warming blankets

What is the treatment for Addison's disease in dogs/cats?

desoxycorticosterone pivalate (FDA approved)

AND/OR

Prednisone, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone

Fludrocortisone

What is the treatment for Keratoconjunctivitis (Dry eye) in dogs/cats?

Artificial tears

Cyclosporine

Tacrolimus

What is the treatment for glaucoma for older pets?

PO Methazolamide or Acetazolamide

Latanoprost

Dorzolamide

Brinzolamide

Timolol

What is the treatment for pannus (chronic superficial keratinitis) in pets?

Corticosteroids

Immunomodulatory tx

Surgery

Irradiation

What is the treatment for pancreatic insufficiency in pets?

Replacement of pancreatic enzymes (Pancrelipase)