Musculature of Jaw & Pharynx - Articulation 2

SLP 5325

Where does the condyloid process of mandible articulate with the temporal bone (connective tissue pad between)?

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Which two directions can the TMJ move?

rotation (depressor) and gliding (protusion/retrusion)

What are the 4 mandibular depressors?

1. anterior belly of digastric

2. mylohyoid

3. geniohyoid

4. lateral (external) pterygoid

Which mandibular depressor is attached posteriorly to hyoid bone and anteriorly to mandible near midline?

digastric (anterior belly)

Which mandibular depressor runs along inferior surface of mandible to last molar, and extends to anterior portion of hyoid bone?

mylohyoid

Which mandibular depressor attaches to lower portion of surface of mandible and runs to middle of hyoid bone?

geniohyoid

Which mandibular depressor has two anterior heads and attaches posteriorly to condyle of mandible?

lateral (external) pterygoid

Where does superior belly of lateral pterygoid attach anteriorly?

superior side of greater wing of sphenoid bone

Where does inferior belly of lateral pterygoid attach anteriorly?

lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

What are the 3 mandibular elevators?

1. masseter

2. temporalis

3. medial pterygoid

Which mandibular elevator has 2 layers and attaches to angle and ramus of mandible?

masseter

Where does external layer of masseter originate?

lateral surface of zygomatic arch

Where does internal layer of masseter originate?

medial surface of zygomatic arch

Which muscle closes occlusal plane during chewing?

masseter

Which fan-shaped mandibular elevator runs from temporal/parietal/frontal bones, under zygomatic arch, and attaches at ramus and coronoid process of mandible?

temporalis

Which mandibular elevator runs from lateral pterygoid plate and maxilla and attaches to medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible? (inside mandible)

medial (internal) pterygoid

Which 2 muscles form sling around mandible?

1. masseter

2. medial (internal) pterygoid

When does the velum rest against base of tongue?

during nasal breathing

What happens to velum during activities like speech?

velum elevates and closes against posterior pharyngeal wall

When does velopharyngeal closure occur?

during activities like speech

What sits between anterior and posterior faucial pillars?

tonsils

What are the 3 muscles of velum?

1. tensor veli palatini

2. levator palatini

3. musculus uvulae

What are the 4 muscles of pharynx?

1. superior constrictors

2. palatopharyngeus

3. palatoglossus

4. salpingopharyngeus

What thin lamella is not a muscle but an important to provide structure to velum?

palatine aponeurosis

Which muscle of velum runs from base of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid and lateral sides of membranous and cartilaginous portions of Eustachian tube > travels downward and wraps around hamulus of sphenoid > takes on fanlike appearance and becomes palatine aponeurosis?

tensor veli palatini

Which muscle of velum inserts in posterior border of hard palate and, more posteriorly, into palatine aponeurosis of opposite side?

tensor veli palatini

Which is the only muscle of palate not innervated by pharyngeal plexus?

tensor veli palatini (CN V)

Which muscle of velum tenses and depresses anterior 1/3 of soft palate & opens ET to equalize pressure in ear?

tensor veli palatini

Which muscle of velum runs from lower surface of petrous portion of temporal bone and medial cartilaginous surface of auditory tube and inserts > upper surface of palatal aponeurosis, interarticulating with levator fibers from opposite side?

levator veli palatini

Which muscle of velum runs lateral to midline of palatal aponeurosis, posterior to hard palate, and anterior to insertion of levator > inserts in mucus membrane of uvula?

musculus uvuale

Which muscle stabilizes velum at midline at posterior pharyngeal wall and contributes to shape of velum?

musculus uvulae

Which muscles of pharynx originate at pterygomandibular raphe, pterygoid hamulus, posterior tongue, posterior mandible, and palatal aponeurosis > inserts at pharyngeal raphe in midline of posterior pharyngeal wall?

superior constrictors

Which muscle of pharynx helps with medial displacement of lateral pharyngeal walls to narrow pharynx and VPP?

superior constrictors (of pharynx)

Which muscle of pharynx runs from soft palate to posterior pharyngeal wall?

palatopharyngeus

What are some potential functions of palatopharyngeus?

1. adduct posterior pillars

2. narrow VP port

3. elevate/depress pharynx

4. constrict pharynx

Which muscle of tongue depresses velum and elevates tongue?

palatoglossus

What is antagonistic to the levator veli palatini?

palatoglossus

Which muscle of pharynx runs from inferior cartilaginous portion of auditory/ET and inserts in palatopharyngeus muscle?

salpingopharyngeus

Which muscle of pharynx shortens and widens pharynx, elevates velum, and helps open ET?

salpingopharyngeus

Which area along posterior pharyngeal wall protrudes intermittently during swallowing and speech tasks?

Passavant’s ridge/pad

What is a thin lamella consisting of extended tendons from veli palatini muscles > attaching to posterior border and inferior surface of palatine bone?

palatine aponeurosis

What angle does the levator veli palatini descend in frontomedial direction?

45 degree

Which muscle makes up 40% of velum and elevates soft palate?

levator veli palatini

Which muscle runs from palatal aponeurosis & posterior border of hard palate and passes through faucial pillars?

palatopharyngeus