Chemistry THINGS TO LEARN!!!!!

Silver ion

Ag+

Copper ion

Cu^2+

Lead ion

Pb 2+

Zinc ion

Zn 2+

Ammonium ion

NH4 +

Sulphate ion

SO4 2-

Carbonate ion

CO3 2-

Nitrate ion

NO3 -

Hydroxide ion

OH -

Are acids proton donors or acceptors

Proton donors

Are alkalis proton donors or acceptors

Proton acceptors

Metal + acid →

Salt + hydrogen

Metal carbonate + acid →

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Metal oxide/hydroxide + acid →

Salt + water

Ammonium + acid →

Ammonium salt

What colour does phenolphthalein go in acids and alkaline

Colourless in acidic

Pink in alkaline

What colour does litmus indicator go in acids and alkaline

Red in acids

Blue in alkalis

What colour does methyl orange go in acids and alkaline

Red in acidic

Yellow in alkaline

What colour does universal indicator go in acids and alkaline

Orange in acids

Purple in alkaline

How to calculate percentage yield

Amount of product produced/maximum amount of product possible

Salts that are soluble in water

Sodium, potassium and ammonium salts

Hydroxides solubility

Commonly insoluble, exceptions of sodium, potassium and ammonium hydroxide

Carbonates solubility

Commonly insoluble, exceptions of sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonate

Sulfates solubility

Commonly soluble, exceptions of lead, barium and calcium sulfates

Chlorides solublity

Commonly soluble, exceptions of silver and lead chloride

Nitrates solubility

All nitrates are soluble

Summary of generally soluble ionic compounds

Nitrates, chlorides, sulfates

Summary of generally insoluble ionic compounds

Hydroxides, carbonates