Soil Horizons
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30 Terms
What are soil horizons?
Soils that are deposited in or developed into layers
How many horizons form when soil factors are favorable?
5 or 6 master horizons
What is the uppermost soil horizon?
Horizon O
What does the O horizon consist of?
Fresh and decaying plant residue
What does the O horizon look like?
Dark
Why is the O horizon dark?
Decomposition produces humus
What is under the O horizon?
The A horizon
What does the A horizon consist of?
Mainly mineral material
What does the A horizon look like?
Generally darker than the lower horizons
Why is the A horizon generally darker than the lower horizons?
The varying amounts of humified organic matter
What happens in A horizon?
Most of the root activity occurs here and it is usually the most productive horizon
What is A horizon referred to as?
Top soil, root zone, and surface soil
What is the E horizon made of?
A concentration of sand or silt particles
What is the main feature of the E horizon?
The loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum or humus
What does the E horizon look like?
Bleached or whitish in appearance
What horizon is below the A or E horizon?
The B horizon
What is the B horizon also known as?
The subsoil
What does the B horizon look like?
Usually lighter colored, denser, and has less organic matter than the A horizon
What horizon is below the B horizon?
The C horizon
What is the C horizon also known as?
The substratum
What is the C horizon made from?
Partially disintegrated parent material
What does the C horizon consist less of?
Clay or weathered sediments
What is the R horizon made of?
Bedrock
Where is the R horizon? (In terms of placement)
The lowest horizon
What horizon is being pointed at in this photo?
O horizon
What horizon is being pointed at in this photo?
A horizon
What horizon is being pointed at in this photo?
E horizon
What horizon is being pointed at in this photo?
B horizon
What horizon is being pointed at in this photo?
C horizon
What horizon is being pointed at in this photo?
R horizon