Genitalia Assignment - Health Data

USPSTF screening concerning breast self-examination

Recommends against teaching breast self-examination (BSE) because current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harms of the clinical breast examination (CBE) beyond screen mammography, which is first choice for breast cancer in women 75 years or older.

“BSE”, used for breast awareness, when no particular appearance of the breast is associated with cancer.

Peau d’orange

resulting from edema, an orange peel appearance of the breast is associated with cancer.

Paget disease with invasive intraductal carcinoma

redness and flaking of the nipple may be seen in early stages and then disappear. further assessment is necessary because that does not mean the disease is gone. thingling, itching, increased sensitivity, burning, discharge, and pain in the nipple are late signs of Paget disease. it may occur in both breast but is rare.

Nipple inversion from breast cancer

may suggest malignancy

retracted breast tissue

suggests malignancy

mastitis

reddened, painful area on breast warm to palpaption

Mastectomy

remove of breast tissue, can be radical and/or modified.

Carcinoma of the breast

cancer of the breast, note bulging and skin changes.

Gynecomastia

an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men.

Cancerous tumors

these are irregular, firm, hard, not defined masses that may be fixed or mobile. they are usually tender and usually occur after age 50.

Fibroadenomas

These lesions are lobular, ovoid, or round. They are firm, well defined, seldom tender, and usually singular and mobile. They occur more commonly between puberty and menopause,

Benign breast disease

AKA “fibrocystic breast disease”, benign breast disease is marked by round, elastic, defined, tender, and mobile cysts. the condition is most common from age 30 to menopause, after which it decreases.

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

the prostate is enlarged, smooth, firm, and slightly elastic. the median sulcus may not be palpable. it is common in men older than 50 years

screening recommendations for digital rectal exam (DRE)

screen for prostate cancer for men 55 to 69 years.

for men 70 and above the USPSTF recommends against screening for prostate cancer

Screening recommendations prostate specific antigen (PSA)

the PSA test is a blood test to detect the antigen, but is nonspecific, because the PSA level may be elevated in BPH or with infection or inflammation of the prostate.

the PSA is available but not reliable, men between ages 50 to 70 are expected to live at least 10 years should have the risks and benefits of screening explained to them by their health care provider.

Testicular Self-Exam

TSE should be preformed once a month. best time to complete the examination is often after a warm bath or shower when the scrotum is more relaxed. Abnormal findings would include a small pea like lump

Risk factors for hemorrhoids

ages 45-65 years old. associated with conditions that increase pressure in the hemorrhoidal venous plexus which includes straining at bowel movements, prolonged siting on the toilet, chronic diarrhea or constipation, obesity, pregnancy, anal intercourse, eating a low-fiber diet, and regular heavy lifting.

risk factors for cervical cancer

HPV, smoking, imminosupression, chlamydia, diet low in fruits and vegetables, being overweight, intrauterine device use, having multiple full-term pregnancies, being younger than 17 at first full-term pregnancy, poverty, having a mother who took diethylstibestrol (DES) while pregnant, family history

Risk factors for colorectal cancer

smoking, obestity, alcohol, inflammatory bowel disease, family history, processed meat, aging, genetic syndromes, black individuals, type 2 diabetes, not exercising regularly.

USPSTF screening recommendations for cervical cancer

the USPSTF recommends are variety of screening protocols that include; screening in women from 21-65 via cytology (Pap smear) every 3-5 years, screening with HPV testing every 5 years, women older than 65 years old have not had adequate screening are at high risk. women who have had a hysterectomy with removal of the cervix and who do not have a history of a high-grade precancerous lesion or cervical cancer should still be tested.

American cancer society (ACS) screening recommendations for fecal blood test

recommends a still test every year after age 50 to detect occult blood or other signs of cancer.

American cancer society (ACS) screening recommendations for sigmoidoscopy

ACS recommends after ever 5 years after age 50

Colonoscopy

ACS recommends to begin screening at age 45 and get a colonoscopy once every 10 years until the age of 75 if they are in generally good health.