physics ch 13 notes

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Last updated 1:53 AM on 3/3/25
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21 Terms

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Hooke's Law
The relationship stating that the spring force is directly proportional to the displacement of an object from its equilibrium position.
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Periodic Motion
Any repeated motion that is back and forth over the same path.
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Equilibrium Position
The position where the spring force and mass's acceleration are zero.
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Restoring Force
The force that pushes or pulls the mass toward equilibrium; it is opposite the direction of displacement.
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Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Periodic motion that is the result of a restoring force proportional to displacement.
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Spring Constant (k)
A measure of a spring's stiffness, defined in N/m.
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Amplitude
The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position in SHM.
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Period (T)
The time it takes for one complete cycle of motion.
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Frequency (f)
The number of cycles or vibrations that occur per unit of time, measured in Hertz (Hz).
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Inversion Relation of Period and Frequency
Period and frequency are inversely related; as one increases, the other decreases.
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Maximum Displacement of a Pendulum
The furthest point from the equilibrium position reached by the pendulum.
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Velocity at Equilibrium
At equilibrium, the velocity of the bob is at its maximum and acceleration is zero.
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Kinetic Energy in SHM
The energy of an object due to its motion, maximized at equilibrium.
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Elastic Potential Energy
The potential energy stored in a compressed or stretched spring.
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Acceleration in SHM
It is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium and directed toward it.
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Mass-Spring System
A system that oscillates back and forth under the influence of a restoring force.
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Simple Pendulum
A mass (bob) attached to a fixed point by a string, which swings back and forth under gravitational force.
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Maximum Acceleration in SHM
Occurs when the object is at maximum displacement from its equilibrium position.
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Damping in SHM
The gradual reduction of amplitude due to energy loss (not mentioned directly but relevant to harmonics).
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Frequency in a Mass-Spring System
Determined by the mass and spring constant; does not depend on the amplitude.
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Simple Harmonic Oscillator
Any system that exhibits simple harmonic motion.