Roman Empire: Geography, Republic, and Expansion

What geographical features protected the borders of the Roman Empire?

The Alps and the sea.

When did Rome begin as a settlement?

Around 800 B.C. with the Latin tribe in the Tiber River Valley.

What is a Republic?

A system where citizens elect representatives to run the government.

Who were the Patricians in Roman society?

Land-owning noblemen.

What roles did the Consuls play in the Roman Republic?

They supervised business, commanded armies, served one-year terms, and had veto power.

What is the function of the Roman Senate?

To make and interpret laws, consisting of 300 members who were all Patricians serving for life.

What is a Dictator in the context of the Roman Republic?

A ruler with complete control over the government, allowed to rule for 6 months in emergencies.

What was Cincinnatus known for?

Being the model dictator of Rome.

What lasting influences did the Roman Republic have on modern government?

Senate, veto, checks and balances, elective representation, public laws, and the principle of innocent until proven guilty.

By what year did Rome control most of the Italian Peninsula?

By 270 B.C.

What was the structure of a Roman Legion?

A military unit consisting of 5,000 men.

What were the expectations of Roman commanders regarding their soldiers?

To value loyalty, courage, and authority, using a combination of reward and punishment.

What did Rome require from conquered peoples?

Acknowledgment of Roman leadership, payment of taxes, and provision of troops.

What benefits did Rome offer to conquered peoples?

Allowed them to keep customs, money, local government, and some received full citizenship.

Who was Hannibal Barca?

A Carthaginian general considered one of the greatest, known for his multi-national army and use of elephants.

What was the outcome of the Punic Wars for Carthage?

Carthage lost to Rome.

What regions did Rome expand into during the Republic?

Macedonia, Greece, Asia Minor, the Middle East, and Egypt.

What were some causes of instability in the Roman Republic?

The expansion created a wealthy class and displaced farmers, leading them to move into towns.