Global studies

Colonisation

A foreign power establishes control over a territory, usually sending people to live in a specific area

Decolonisation

The colonized territory gains independence, dismantle foreign power and recliam culture and economic freedom

Global actors

An actor whose decision and actions have a significant impact on international politics/global isssues

Realism

Realisitc see the world in terms of power struggle and conflicts

Liberalism

Prioritize self-interest and survival above all else in context of anarchy and belives human are naturally greedy and selfish

Imperialism

A state extending its power and domion, achieving through political and economic control

State

A territory controlled by the government that exercises its own sovereignty

Sovereignty

A right of a state to do whatever it wants within its own territory. This is the most important international norm

Nation

A group of people claiming common bonds based on culture, language and history

Globalisation

When the world’s economic, culture and population become interconnected and interdependent

Globalization winners

Developing countries

Globalization losers

Developed countries

Transnational Corporation (TNCs)

Company that operates and extends its investment beyond its boundaries. Profit is the main motivation

Fragile state

The state that has not classified as failed by at a risk of becoming failed

Failed state

The state that has already collapsed and cannot provide basic needs for its citizen

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes a strong identification with one’s nation (such as national interest, culture and sovereignty)

Tribalism

A strong sense of loyalty to a social group, displaying bias adn discrimination towards outsiders

Xenophobia

An irrational fear and dislike people from different countries and cultures, representing discrimination and social exclusion

Global governance

The system of rules, institution and international norms to facilitate cooperation and manage relations

Intergovernmental organizations (igo)

An organization composed by sovereign states that work together in good faith on issues (UN, WHO,…)

Conflict

An disagreement between states about specific issues

War

State using violence, military, weapons or sanctions on other states

Proxy war

A war between states that include an intervention from other states (third party), proving funds and weapons, without directly involved in the war

Foreign Aid

A transfer of fund, goods and services to improve economic, social and political conditions

ODA

Official Development Assistance

Debt Relief

Reducing financial burden for firms, individuals through delaying payback dates, or composed multiple debts into a single loans with lower interest rate

Unilateralism

A state acting alone to defend its national interest

Multilateralism

Coordinating relations between 3 or more states to pursuit objects

Geopolitics

The use of geography as an element of power, held by political leaders

United Nations

An IGO of nearly all world’s states to maintain international peace and security

Peacekeeping

Keeping peace and security across borders

R2P (Responsibility to Protect)

International norm that states have a responsibility to protect its population within its sovereignty from genocide, war crime, ethnics cleansing and crime against humanity

NGO

Non government organization; Not for profit organization. They are independent from any government and established to address social and political issue

National interest

The goals and ambitions of a state that are beneficial to its on going security

Diplomacy

The ability to deal and negotiate with other states to achieve a specific objects without arousing hostility

Soft power

A use of influencing other countries through culture, diplomacy and political values to influence actions of global actors

Hard power

The use of violence, coercion or threatened acts to influence actions of global actors