IB Chemistry Unit 14 - Chemical Equilibrium

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Equilibrium

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When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

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Chemical Equilibrium

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The identity of the substance changes, and sometimes the state does as well.

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42 Terms

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Equilibrium

When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

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Chemical Equilibrium

The identity of the substance changes, and sometimes the state does as well.

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Chemical Equilibrium Example

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Physical Equilibrium

ONLY the state of the substance changes.

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Physical Equilibrium Example

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Mass Action Expression (MAE) is also known as…

The Equilibrium Constant / The Kc

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The Mass Action Expression (MAE) shows…

the relationship between the concentrations of the reactants and products in a chemical equilibrium.

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Kc = Kp ONLY when…

Δn = 0

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Kp Equation

Kp = Kc(RT)Δn

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A Small Kc indicates…

That the reaction favors the reactants.

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A Large Kc indicates…

That the reaction favors the products.

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A homogeneous equilibrium involves a reaction where all substances are in _____ phase.

the same

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A heterogeneous equilibrium involves a reaction where all substances are in ________ phases.

different

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When finding Kc, we express the concentrations of Aqueous Solutions and Gases, but NOT…

Pure Solids & Pure Liquids

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If the reaction is multiplied by [a factor], the Original Kc is…

raised to the power of [the factor].

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When looking at the reverse reaction, you find the _____ of the Kc.

reciprocal (1/Kc)

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If there are multiple reactions with Kcs, the net reaction Kc is found by…

Multiplying all the Kcs.

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Concentrations in MAE Units

mol/L

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Gases in MAE Units

atm

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____ and ____ are considered unitless quantities.

Kp and Kc

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Stoichiometric coefficients affect…

the MAE.

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When you don’t know whether or not the reaction is at equilibrium, you find the…

Qc

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Qc < Kc

The reaction needs to proceed towards products.

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Qc > Kc

The reaction needs to proceed towards reactants.

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Qc = Kc

The reaction is at equilibrium.

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Le Châtelier’s Principle

If an external stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will adjust to offset the stress and reach a new equilibrium.

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Factors that AFFECT Equilibrium

Concentration, Volume & Pressure, Temperature, Catalysts

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Factors that SHIFT Equilibrium

Concentration, Volume & Pressure, Temperature

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Concentration of Products INCREASES

Shift Left ←

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Concentration of Products DECREASES

Shift Right →

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Concentration of Reactants DECREASES

Shift Left ←

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Concentration of Reactants INCREASES

Shift Right →

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Pressure INCREASES

Shift to the side with LEAST moles

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Pressure DECREASES

Shift to the side with MOST moles

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Volume INCREASES

Shift to the side with MOST moles

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Volume DECREASES

Shift to the side with LEAST moles

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Does a Catalyst shift Equilibrium?

No

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Catalysts lower the…

Ea

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Temperature INCREASES in an Exothermic Reaction

Shift Left ←

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Temperature DECREASES in an Exothermic Reaction

Shift Right →

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Temperature INCREASES in an Endothermic Reaction

Shift Right →

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Temperature DECREASES in an Endothermic Reaction

Shift Left ←