AP Government Constitutional Clauses (Unit 1)

Necessary and Proper Clause

Gives Congress the authority to make any laws that are considered necessary to carry out its powers

Article I, Section 8, Clause 18
Also the Elastic Clause

Supremacy Clause

Federal Laws override State Laws if both laws conflict with each other

Article VI, Clause 2

Privileges and Immunities

Citizens of each state have the same privileges and immunities as citizens of other states

Article IV, Section 2

Commerce Clause

gives Congress the power to regulate trade between states and with foreign nations

Article I, Section 8

Full Faith and Credit Clause

state courts must respect the laws and judgments of the courts of other states

Article IV, Section 1

Elastic Clause

Gives Congress the authority to make any laws that are considered necessary to carry out its powers

Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 Also the Necessary and Proper Clause

Establishment Clause

prohibits the government from favoring a particular religion over another; separation of church and state

1st Amendment

Due Process Clause (Federal)

requires federal courts to ensures fairness in legal procedures before depriving an individual of "life, liberty, or property"

5th Amendment

Equal Protection Clause

no state can deny "equal protection of the law" to anyone within its jurisdiction requires federal courts to ensures fairness in legal procedures before depriving an individual of "life, liberty, or property"

14th Amendment

Due Process Clause (States)

requires state courts to ensures fairness in legal procedures before depriving an individual of "life, liberty, or property"

14th Amendment

Free Exercise Clause

protect citizens' right to practice religion however as long as it does not "run afoul of 'public morals' or a 'compelling' governmental interest"

1st Amendment

Extradition Clause

requires states to return individuals charged with crimes in another state

Article IV, Section 2

Search and Seizure Clause

protects citizens from unreasonable seizures and searches without a warrant or probable cause by the government

4th Amendment