Veterinary Immunology & Serology Lab Flashcards

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering lab safety, disinfectant standards, antibody structure, hematology, and serological dilution calculations based on the lecture transcript.

What are the three components involved in Pathogen Containment?

All measures and operational procedures implemented to actively prevent the introduction, survival, or transmission of infectious agents beyond designated zones.

According to the transcript, what is the primary function of white lab coats in the laboratory?

They function as skin shielding, acting as physical barriers preventing skin or street clothing contact with infectious samples or harsh reagents.

What is the key difference between Disinfection and Sterilization regarding bacterial endospores?

Disinfection destroys vegetative pathogenic microorganisms but bacterial endospores are typically resistant, whereas Sterilization involves the complete destruction of all life forms, including highly resilient bacterial endospores.

What is the recommended concentration of Sodium Hypochlorite (Chlorine) for treating working benches and biological waste?

$0.5\%$ aqueous solution.

What is the action profile of Alcohols ($70\% - 76\%$) when used as a lab disinfectant?

Protein denaturation and lipid membrane lysis.

What color bag is designated for biohazardous waste like contaminated gloves and culture tubes?

Yellow Bag.

Which cellular elements are included in the 'White Blood Cells' (WBCs) subpopulation?

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, and Basophils.

In antibody architecture, what is the function of the Variable Region?

It is the highly changeable sequence at the tip of the Y-arm tailored to bind specific target antigens.

Which immunoglobulin class is described as a high-avidity pentamer key to initial acute immune responses?

$$IgM$$

What dimeric immunoglobulin is specifically found in mucosal secretions such as colostrum, milk, and saliva?

$$IgA$$

What is the biochemical definition of Serum?

Plasma without clotting factors.

In the coagulation cascade, which enzyme converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin polymers?

Thrombin.

How do EDTA and Sodium Citrate function as anticoagulants?

They perform Calcium Chelation, actively binding and isolating free Calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) ions to stop the clotting cascade.

Which blood collection tube cap color contains Lithium/Sodium Heparin and is used for rapid blood biochemistry?

Green.

What is the primary lab application for a Purple cap tube containing EDTA?

Complete Blood Count (CBC) and cellular smear evaluations.

During clinical serum processing, how long should the blood tube be kept undisturbed at room temperature for clot formation?

$15-30\text{ minutes}$.

In micropipetting, what is the purpose of the 'Second stop' on the plunger?

Complete blow-out to empty the tip during fluid discharge.

How is a 10-Fold Dilution series prepared?

By mixing exactly $1\text{ part}$ of sample with $9\text{ parts}$ of diluent (e.g., $100\,\mu l \text{ sample} + 900\,\mu l \text{ diluent}$).

What is the definition of a clinical Antibody Titer?

The reciprocal of the endpoint dilution (the final dilution well showing a visible positive reaction).

If a $1:64$ dilution is the last positive well in a series, what is the recorded clinical antibody titer?

$$64$$