Newton's Laws of Motion

Velocity

Velocity

the rate at which an object moves in a specific direction

Acceleration

the rate at which an object changes its speed or direction (speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction), is produces when a force acts on a mass

Applied Force

a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object

Sir Issac Newton

British physicist and mathematician in 1600's that developed the 3 laws of motion (Newton's Laws of Motion)

Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia)

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Inertia: a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged

Newton's Second Law

Force = mass x acceleration, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it
The acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables (the net force and the mass of the object)

Newton's Third Law

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Plate movements relate to what law?

Newton's Third Law

What forces create earthquakes, volcanoes, rift valleys and other geological features when plates are under another?

Unbalanced forces

30 mph west is an example of?

velocity

Picture 30 mph on a speed limit. 30 mph is an example of?

speed

Newton’s 2nd law

A wheelbarrow filled with heavy rocks is harder to move with one filled with grass relates to what law of motion?

A student leaning on a wall feels an equal force in the opposite direction is an example of?

Newton's Third Law

A car passenger's body moves forward when the driver applies the brakes is an example of?

Newton's First Law

A lamp sitting on a desk is an example of?

Newton's First Law

A rocket applies a strong downward force in order to liftoff in space is an example of?

Newton's Third Law

Newton's First Law examples

Car at rest: A car parked on a flat road will remain stationary until a force is applied to it, like pushing the gas pedal to accelerate.

Soccer ball rolling: After kicking a soccer ball on a smooth surface, it will continue rolling until friction or another force slows it down.

Ice skater gliding: An ice skater glides smoothly across the ice until an external force, like friction or a push, acts upon them to change their motion.

Book on a table: A book placed on a table remains at rest until someone applies a force to it, like picking it up or sliding it.

Spacecraft in orbit: A spacecraft in orbit around the Earth continues to move at a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted upon by gravitational forces or thrusters.

Newton's Second Law examples

Acceleration of a car: When you press the gas pedal in a car, the acceleration depends on the force applied (the force of the engine) and the mass of the car. The heavier the car, the more force is needed to accelerate it at the same rate.

Throwing a ball: When you throw a ball, the force you apply determines how fast it accelerates. Heavier balls require more force to achieve the same acceleration as lighter ones.

Stopping a bicycle: Applying the brakes on a bicycle slows it down. The force needed to stop the bike depends on its mass and the rate of deceleration desired.

Falling objects: When an object falls due to gravity, the force of gravity accelerates it downwards. The acceleration depends on the mass of the object and the gravitational force acting on it.

Rocket propulsion: Rockets move forward by expelling gas at high speeds from their engines. According to Newton's second law, the force exerted by the expelled gas (action) propels the rocket in the opposite direction (reaction). The magnitude of this force depends on the mass of the expelled gas and its acceleration.

force

a push or pull on an object
causes a change in the motion of the object.
(An object's mass is multiplied by acceleration)
Measured in Newtons

Balanced Force

two forces acting in opposite directions on an object, and equal in size
Object stays still or continues moving at the same speed and in the same direction

Unbalanced Forces

causes a change in motion of an object
causes acceleration.

Net Force

the combination of all forces on an object
measured in Newtons

Friction

the force that causes a moving object to slow down when it touches another object
(one object rubbing against another)

Speed

is a way of measuring how quickly something is moving or being done

Newton's Third Law examples

Walking: When you walk, your foot exerts a backward force on the ground (action), and in response, the ground exerts an equal and opposite forward force on your foot (reaction), propelling you forward.

Swimming: As you push the water backward with your hands and feet (action), the water pushes you forward with an equal force in the opposite direction (reaction), allowing you to move through the water.

Jumping: When you jump, you push the ground downward with your legs (action), and the ground pushes you upward with an equal force (reaction), propelling you into the air.

Airplane propulsion: The engines of an airplane push the air backward with great force (action), and in response, the air pushes the airplane forward with an equal force (reaction), allowing it to move through the air.

Balloon-powered car: When you release air from a balloon in one direction, the balloon experiences a backward force (action), and the car moves forward in the opposite direction (reaction), propelled by the expelled air.

velocity examples

62 mph south, 1 m/s down

acceleration examples

Running around a curve on the track, bird slowing down to land on a branch, or increasing speed to pass a car on the highway.

speed examples

examples: 62 mph, 100 km/h, 1 m/s, 3.3 ft/s