Health Determinants, Measurements, and the Status of Health Globally

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to health determinants, measurement terms, and global health status.

Determinants of Health

Interconnected factors that influence an individual's health status, i

Morbidity

Any departure from physical or psychological well-being.

Mortality

Death.

Disability

Temporary or long-term reduction in a person’s capacity to function.

Prevalence

Number of people living with a health condition over a specific period.

Incidence

Rate of new cases of a disease in a population over a period.

Primary Prevention

Intervening before health effects occur.

Secondary Prevention

Early detection or screening before symptoms develop.

Tertiary Prevention

Management after disease diagnosis to prevent progression.

Vital Statistics

Statistical data used to assess population health, including infant and maternal mortality rates and life expectancy.

Global Health Disparities

Differences in health status and access to health services that exist between various income groups and regions.

Health Policy

Guidelines and strategies formulated to improve health outcomes based on understanding of health indicators and determinants.

Epidemiology

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

Social Determinants of Health

Non-medical factors that influence health outcomes, including socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood and physical environment, employment, and social support networks.

Health Equity

A state where everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health.

Risk Factor

Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

Health Promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.

example of determinants of health 

Personal and inborn features like age, sex, and genetic constitution.

example of determinants of health 

Socioeconomic status factors such as income, education, and employment

example of determinants of health 

Cultural and behavioral factors including lifestyle choices (e.g., smoking, physical activity).

example of determinants of health 

Environmental factors such as climate, water, sanitation, living conditions, and urban planning

example of determinants of health 

Access to healthcare services and government policies

example of determinants of health 

Broader macro issues such as economic and social policies, governance, historical conditions, and social context like community support and social participation

Some regions have a unique profile of causes of death

child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa are spread across neonates, children, and adolescents, whereas in high-income regions, neonatal-related deaths predominate