10 Respiratory System

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Last updated 3:23 AM on 9/11/26
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11 Terms

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Ectoderm derivatives

  • neural crest cells

    • laryngeal cartilages

    • intramural ganglia


2
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Mesoderm derivatives

  • splanchnic layer of lateral plate

    • tracheal and bronchial cartilages

  • somitomeres

    • smooth muscle of trachea and bronchi


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Endoderm derivatives

  • epithelial lining and glands

  • GI tract

  • respiratory tract


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Development of larynx + trachea

  • separation of lung buds from foregut

    • outgrowth of 2 esophagotracheal ridges pinches 2 tracts

  • esophagotracheal septum separates trachea + lung buds vs esophagus

  • elongation of tracheal and esophageal tubes

    • form separate respiratory and digestive tracts

  • respiratory system remains connected to gut tube via pharynx


<ul><li><p>separation of lung buds from foregut</p><ul><li><p>outgrowth of 2 esophagotracheal ridges pinches 2 tracts</p></li></ul></li><li><p>esophagotracheal septum separates trachea + lung buds vs esophagus</p></li><li><p>elongation of tracheal and esophageal tubes </p><ul><li><p>form separate respiratory and digestive tracts</p></li></ul></li><li><p>respiratory system remains connected to gut tube via pharynx</p></li></ul><p></p>
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respiratory diverticulum

lung bud

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cricothyroid muscle origin

4th pharyngeal arch of aortic arches

  • innervated by external laryngeal n. from superior laryngeal n.


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general laryngeal muscle origins

6th pharyngeal arch from aortic arches

  • innervated by recurrent laryngeal n.

    • branch of vagus n.

  • thyroarytenoid m.

  • vocalis m.

  • lateral cricoarytenoid m.

  • posterior cricoarytenoid m.

  • transverse arytenoid m.

  • oblique arytenoid m.


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Development of pleura

  • growth into thoracic cavity

  • visceral pleura

    • from splanchnic layer

    • innervated by autonomic nerves

  • parietal pleura

    • from somatic layer

    • innervated by somatic nerves


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Stages of lung development

  1. Embryonic (wk 0-6)

  • developing trachea + esophagus

  1. Pseudoglandular (wk 6-16)

  • branching continues to form terminal bronchioles

  • no respiratory bronchioles or alveoli present

  1. Canalicular (wk 16-24)

  • each terminal bronchiole divides into 2+ respiratory bronchioles which in turn divide into 3-6 alveolar ducts

  1. Scalar (wk 24-36)

  • terminal sacs (primitive alveoli) form

  • capillaries establish close contact

  1. Alveolar (wk 36 - postnatal)

  • mature alveoli have well-developed epithelial endothelial (capillary) contacts


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Amniotic fluid significance

  • swallowing amniotic fluid helps respiratory passageways mature

    • keep fetal airways open

    • practice breathing + swallowing in utero before birth

      • needed for surfactant production


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Amniotic fluid sources

  • pee

  • placenta