⭐⭐⭐ 10. PWM variable speed control

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Last updated 8:50 AM on 9/13/26
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6 Terms

1
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What is PWM?


Pulse Width Modulation.


It rapidly switches the power signal ON and OFF to control the average power delivered to the motor.

2
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What Arduino values are used for PWM?

0–255

3
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What does PWM value 0 mean?


Approximately 0% duty cycle → stopped.

4
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What does PWM value 255 mean?

Approximately 100% duty cycle → full speed.

5
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What does PWM value 127 mean?

Approximately 50% speed/power, assuming the motor behaves approximately proportionally.


Since:

127≈2552127 \approx \frac{255}{2}

Speed table

Desired speed PWM value

Stop 0

25% 64

50% 127

75% 191

Full speed 255

6
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What function would you use for PWM?

analogWrite(pin, value);

Example:

analogWrite(11, 127);

This sends approximately a 50% PWM signal to EN1&2.