Biology Revision: 05 Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function

What is the term for the convoluted inner membrane found in mitochondria (P/S)?

Cristae (P)/Crista (S)

What is the term that refers to the space between the double membrane in the nuclear envelope (P/S)?

Perinuclear space

Which of the following sets of organelles have exactly 2 membranes? (in alphabetical order)

Mitochondrion, Nucleus 

Keywords for each of the 3 tenets of the Cell Theory

Composed, unit, pre-existing

The cytosol’s function is to dissolve ions, organic molecules, soluble proteins and ___.

Cytoskeleton

Other than protecting the cell from mechanical injury, the cell membrane ___ through the high tensile strength from cellulose.

Withstands hydrostatic pressure

The cisternae in RERs are___.

Sheet-like

The cisternae in SERs are___.

Tubular

The cisternae in GAs are___.

Stacked

Other than increasing membrane surface area for synthesis of products, the extensive networks of cisternae in RERs and SERs serve to…

Allow package into vesicles

While the ribosomes on the RER help in protein synthesis, the RER lumen allows for…

Protein folding

State the 4 functions of the SER.

Metabolism, Detoxification, Ca2+ Storage, Lipid Synthesis

What type of vesicles fuse with the GA at the cis face?

Transport vesicles

What type of vesicles bud off from the GA at the trans face?

Secretory vesicles 

What type of vesicles facilitate movement of substances across GA cisternae?

Golgi vesicles 

What do mitochondria + chloroplasts share in common? (in alphabetical order)

Own DNA, own protein synthesis machinery

Which 2 organelles generate proton gradients? 

Chloroplast, Mitochondrion 

The mitochondrion is…

Elongated and spherical

The chloroplast is…

Lens-shaped 

Lysosome has an optimal pH of…

pH 5 

State the 3 key functions of a lysosome. (in alphabetical order)

Autolysis, Autophagy, Digestion

Lysosomes only digest food particles, other than autophagy of worn-out cell parts and autolysis. True or False? 

False 

What is the third membrane in a chloroplast called?

Thylakoid

What are the molecule(s) composing of a typical Eukaryotic cell surface membrane?

Cholesterol, Glycolipids, Phospholipids, Proteins

What is another key function of the cell surface membrane, other than regulating substance movement, cell-to-cell communication and compartmentalisation?

Signal Transduction

What is a key feature of the nuclear envelope/double membrane surrounding nucleus?

Nuclear pores

Centrioles are found in almost all organisms that go through mitosis/meiosis. True or False?

False

What is the function of centrioles?

Assist centrosome MTOC in synthesising spindle fibres

The main function of a nucleus is to…

Protect DNA

The nucleolus is composed of…

DNA carrying rRNA genes, RNA and proteins

Viruses are prokaryotes. True or False? 

False 

Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus and…

Membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes share DNA as a form of genetic material. True or False?

True

Prokaryotic cells only have 1 circular chromosome each, with no histones. True or False?

True

Prokaryotic ribosomes are…

70S/80S

Other than compartmentalisation, what is the advantage of membrane-bound organelles?

Increased SA 

What is the formula for magnification?

(Image)/(Actual)