wood finishes (technical principles)

Acrylic varnish

A wood finish which is clear and allows the wood’s natural grain to show, it provides a hard, tough and heat/ waterproof finish. Applied in direction of wood grain. Several thin coats can be applied with the wood being rubbed down between coats

Teak oil

A wood finish used for outdoor wood products as it adds weather resistance as well as prevents fungus and insect attac. Applied in direction of the gran. Wood is given time to absorb the oil

Danish oil

A wood finish which maintains the natural appearance of the wood as well as enhancing the grain - done by sanding with wire to open up grain between coats

Wax

A wood finish which increases the wood’s hardness and toughness as well as enhancing its grain appearance. Indoor products. Clear waxes

Stains

Applied with brush, roller, spray. Helps colour and enhance grain. Do not have protective properties.

Colour wash

A wood finish which colours a wood without hiding the grain. Applied with a wet sponge

Pressure treating

Wood placed in pressure chamber with copper sulphate and other preserving salts. Pressure forces this deep into grain and fibres. Wood then steam dried. Protects from rot, insects, weathering. Used for decking, bridges

Yacht varnish

Glossy. Applied with brush or sprayed. Good for woods outside. Used in doors, window frames. Increases toughness, hardness and weather resistance

Water based paints

A wood finish which provides protection and colour, as well as improving toughness and hardness. Brush, roller or spray. Wood knots treated with knotting solution to prevent resin oozing. Before paint, surface should be primed and have an undercoat