Araling Panlipunan: Periodical

Globalization

It is a multifaceted and complex process that involves the interconnectedness and interdependence of countries, economies, cultures, and societies around the world.

Existence of a world market

Means that goods, services and products are bought and sold not just by one country but across the whole world.

Growth of International Financial Institution

Institutions like World Bank, help countries trade, borrow money, and manage their economies.

Development of Modern International Transportation and Communication

Airplanes, cargo ships and faster train makes it easier to move people and goods across the world.

Expansion of Trade Through Transnational Corporations

They bring their products, services and job opportunities to different parts of the world creating a shared global market

Increase in Foreign Investments in other countries

When businesses or government invest money in another country.

Promotion of Innovative Ideas and Modern Technology

New Technologies

Alexander the Great Conquest

Spread of Hellenistic culture (blend of East and West) across Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Southern Europe.

Silk Road Trade

• Expanded exchange of goods, ideas, and knowledge.

Age of Exploration and Colonization

• Spain, Portugal, England, and Holland entered brisk global trade.

• Establishment of colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Galleon Trade

• Manila-Acapulco trade route connected the Philippines and Mexico.

• Exchange of goods such as tobacco, silver, and textiles.

Industrial Revolution

• Rise of industries, inventions, and factories.

• Mass production and transportation (railways, ships) expanded trade globally.

Expansion of Modern Communication and Transport

• Growth of air transportation, telephone, and postal mail.

• Globalization spread faster as technology advanced.

Global Cooperation

• Creation of UN, IMF, and World Bank to stabilize global trade and politics.

Information and Communication Boom

• Computers, satellites, and fiber optic cables improved communication.

• World Wide Web connected continents instantly.

Information Age

• Internet, mobile phones, and social media make globalization instant.

• Real-time news networks (CNN, BBC, Al Jazeera) spread information globally.

Communication

Globalization allows instant sharing of information across
the world.

Travel

Advances in transportation have made global travel faster
and more accessible.

Popular Culture

Cultural products and trends are shared worldwide,
influencing lifestyles and entertainment.

Economy

Globalization connects economies through trade,
investment, and labor movement.

Politics

Nations increasingly cooperate and coordinate through
international organizations and agreements.

GDP

is the total value of the final goods and services produced within a country over a specific period.

Labor Force

The total number of people employed and unemployed.

Population

• refers to the total number of people living in a particular place at a specific time.

Important Key Points / Terms:

Frictional Unemployment

This occurs when individuals are temporarily between jobs or are searching for new ones. It can result from people voluntarily leaving their jobs or recent graduates entering the workforce.

Structural Unemployment

This arises when there is a mismatch between the skills workers possess and the skills demanded by employers.

Cyclical Unemployment

This is related to the economic cycle and occurs during periods of economic downturn or recession.

Seasonal Unemployment

This type is tied to certain times of the year and is common in industries like tourism, agriculture, or retail.

Lack of opportunities for work

• Rise in poverty levels due to limited income sources.

Population Increase

• Higher dependency ratio (more dependents, fewer providers).

• Strain on government services and social welfare programs.

Lack of comprehensive and long-term plan for job creation

• Persistent high unemployment and underemployment rates.

• Slower economic growth and development.

Mismatch between courses completed and available jobs

• Graduates struggle to find jobs related to their skills.

• Underemployment (college graduates working in low-skill jobs).

Non-payment of wages, few benefits, and poor working conditions

• Workers leave jobs, leading to high turnover.

• Growth of informal labor sector with insecure jobs.

Laziness

• Dependence on family or government aid.

• Lower productivity and economic contribution.

Onslaught of calamities in the country

• Loss of jobs due to destroyed businesses and industries.

• Temporary or permanent displacement of workers.

Complicated process of establishing business

• Fewer investors and entrepreneurs.

• Limited job creation opportunities.

Corruption in the government

• Misuse of funds meant for job generation.

• Decline in investor confidence, leading to fewer employment opportunities.

Individual Impacts

• People do not have income to sustain their daily living and needs.

• Malnutrition becomes prevalent due to lack of money for nutritious food, leading to poor health.

• Poverty affects mental health, causing:

  • Low self-confidence and self-esteem

  • Depression and despair

  • Increased suicide incidents

  • Stigma or negative judgment from others

Impacts on society

• Some commit crimes such as theft or robbery to survive.

• Increase in women turning to prostitution.

• More informal settlers, street children, and beggars.

• More people become dependent on the government.

• Brain drain: skilled workers go abroad, leaving fewer to support economic growth.

• People experience lower standards of living.

Impacts on our nation

• increase in foreign investors and big local businesses weakens small local enterprises.

• Many companies offer only temporary or contractual work, with no benefits.

• Low wages keep workers in poverty.

• Low production output and widespread poverty weaken the economy.

• A weak economy hinders overall national development.

Impacts on Filipino Family

• The youth cannot go to school because parents cannot provide for their needs.

• Children are forced to work to help their parents.

• Parents leaving to work abroad strains family relationships.

• Children may go astray without proper parental guidance.

Climate Change 

refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Such shifts can be natural and man-made. -(United Nations)

Natural Causes

Effects of the Sun

Emission of Greenhouse Gases

The earth receives heat from the Sun (infrared radiation). The Sun is the source of all energy.

Greenhouse Effect

a process that
occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere
trap the Sun's heat. This process makes
Earth much warmer than it would be
without an atmosphere. The greenhouse
effect is one of the things that makes
Earth a comfortable place to live.

Carbon Dioxide

a gas that's naturally found
in the air. It's a byproduct of breathing and burning

Carbon Monoxide

a gas that's produced when
something burns without enough oxygen. It's
colorless, odorless, and tasteless, making it very
dangerous.

Water Vapor

simply water in its gaseous
state. It's the invisible form of water that's
floating in the air. When it cools down, it can
condense back into liquid water, like dew or
rain.

Methane

a colorless, odorless gas that's found
naturally in the environment

Chlorofluorocarbons

synthetic chemicals that were widely used in
a variety of products, including
refrigerants, air conditioners, and aerosol
propellants.

Nitrous Oxide

a colorless, odorless gas that is often
referred to as "laughing gas." Practical
applications

Human Causes

Different human activities increases the production of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, etc.

Philippine Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729)

This landmark law created the Climate Change Commission (CCC), the lead government body that coordinates all climate change–related plans and actions in the country.

Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (RA 10121)

This law strengthens the country’s ability to prevent,
prepare for, and respond to disasters caused by natural
hazards like typhoons, floods, and earthquakes.

National Climate Change Action Plan

outlines the Philippines’ long-term strategy in dealing with climate change. It prioritizes seven key areas: food security, water sufficiency, ecosystem stability, human security, sustainable energy, climate-smart industries and services, and knowledge and capacity development.

Project Noah (Nationwide Operational Assesment of Hazards)

Originally developed by the Department of Science and Technology. applies scientific research and modern
technology to improve disaster risk management.

Paris Agreement (2015)

a global climate treaty signed by
nearly all countries, including the Philippines. Its central goal
is to keep global warming well below 2°C above pre-industrial
levels, ideally aiming for 1.5°C.

Kyoto Protocol (1997)

As the predecessor of the Paris Agreement, the Kyoto
Protocol was the first major international treaty that
required developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas
emissions.

UN Sustainable Development Goals

 2015, the UN adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), with Goal 13 focusing specifically on Climate Action. This
global framework calls for urgent steps to combat climate change
and its impacts by promoting stronger policies, increased funding,
and international cooperation.