The Eisenhower Years, Promise and Turmoil

Flashcards for reviewing vocabulary from a lecture on the Eisenhower Years and the 1960s.

Earl Warren

Ruled that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.

"I Like Ike"

Expressed the genuine feelings of millions of middle-class Americans toward Eisenhower.

Robert Taft

Republican presidential candidate in 1952, favored by the Old Guard.

Richard Nixon

Eisenhower's running mate, known for attacking Communists.

Adlai Stevenson

Democratic presidential candidate in 1952 and 1956.

Checkers speech

Nixon effectively defended himself against accusations of using campaign funds for personal use in this speech.

delegation of authority

Eisenhower's leadership style that emphasized delegation of authority.

Charles Wilson

Eisenhower's secretary of defense, former head of General Motors.

Modern Republicanism

Eisenhower's approach, a fiscal conservative and moderate on domestic issues.

soil-bank program

A means of reducing farm production and thereby increasing farm income.

Highway Act (1956)

Authorized the construction of 42,000 miles of interstate highways.

John Foster Dulles

Diplomat who helped shape U.S. foreign policy during Eisenhower's presidency.

Brinkmanship

Dulles' policy of pushing Communist powers to the brink of war, declaring that they would back down because of American nuclear superiority.

Massive Retaliation

Placing greater reliance on nuclear weapons and air power and spending less on conventional forces.

Decolonization

Between 1947 and 1962, dozens of colonies in Asia and Africa gained their independence.

Third World

New Third World countries often lacked stable political and economic institutions.

Covert Action

Undercover intervention in the internal politics of other nations.

Domino Theory

If South Vietnam fell under Communist control, one nation after another in Southeast Asia would also fall.

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

Regional defense pact in 1954 to prevent the spread of communism.

State of Israel (1948)

The new state of Israel was created in 1948 under U.N. auspices.

Gamal Nasser

Arab nationalist General who led Egypt.

Suez Canal Crisis (1956)

The nationalization of the British- and French-owned Suez Canal that passed through Egyptian territory.

Eisenhower Doctrine

The United States in 1957 pledged economic and military aid to any Middle Eastern country threatened by communism.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

In 1960, the Arab nations joined Venezuela to form this organization.

Atoms for peace

Eisenhower called for a slowdown in the arms race and presented to the United Nations an atoms for peace plan.

Spirit of Geneva

A summit meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, between Eisenhower and the new Soviet premier, Nikolai Bulganin.

Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Khrushchev denounced the crimes of Joseph Stalin and supported "peaceful coexistence" with the West.

Hungarian Revolt

A popular uprising in Hungary in October 1956, ending the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe and the first thaw in the Cold War.

Warsaw Pact

The Communist security organization.

Sputnik (1957)

In 1957, the Soviet Union shocked the United States by launching the first satellites into orbit around the earth.

National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

Authorized giving hundreds of millions in federal money to the schools for math, science, and foreign language education.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Direct U.S. efforts to build missiles and explore outer space.

Cuba, Fidel Castro

In 1960, Castro authorized the CIA to train anticommunist Cuban exiles to retake their island.

Military-industrial complex

Eisenhower warned the nation to guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence by this…

Jackie Robinson

Broke the color line in baseball in 1947.

Southern Manifesto

Condemning the Supreme Court for a clear abuse of judicial power.

Little Rock Crisis

The state's National Guard prevent nine African American students from entering Little Rock Central High School.

Rosa Parks

Spaked a massive African American protest.

Martin Luther King Jr.

He emerged as the inspirational leader of a nonviolent movement to end segregation.

Civil Rights Act of 1957, 1960

Civil Rights laws of 1957 and 1960.

Civil Rights Commission

Permanent Civil Rights Commission and new powers.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Organized ministers and churches in the South.

Nonviolent Protest

Woolworth's lunch counter incident started nonviolent movement.

Sit-in Movement

Students deliberately invite arrest.

Immigrant Issues

Eliminated race as a barrier to naturalization.

Operation Wetback

Forced 3.8 million people to return to Mexico.

Homogeneity

Resulted in similarities in social norms.

Popular Culture

Common material wants.

Television

Center of family life.

FCC Chairman Newton Minnow

The vast Wasteland.

Consumer Culture

New marketing techniques.

Rock and Roll

Blend of African American rhythm and blues with white country music.

Conglomerates

Teamwork and conformity.

Lady Bird Johnson

Commented on the new religious tolerance.

Women's Roles

Traditinal view of woman.

Social Critics

Inner-directed.

The Catcher in the Rye

Catcher in the Rye.

Beatniks

Drugs, alcohol and rebellion.

Eisenhower: Domestic Issues

New generation of Americans.

John F Kennedy

Torch has been passed.

Kennedy: Foreign Policy

Missile gap was actually in the US favor.

Kennedy: Foreign Policy(WOR)

Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)

Berlin Wall

Stop East Germans from fleeing.

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Soviet Union and the United States testing of nuclear weapons.

Kennedy: Domestic Policy

Mobile military forces.

New Frontier Programs

Kennedy's promises.

Assassination in Dallas(WOR)

Assassination in Dallas

Lyndon Johnson

Presidential oath of office.

Johnson and The Cold War

Expanded the social reforms of New Deal.

The War on Poverty

Focus national attention.

Election of 1964

Advocated welfare state.

Great Society Reforms

Legislative list of Johnson.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Illegal in all public facilities.

24th Amendment

Discouraged poor people.

Voting Rights Act 1965

Ended literacy tests.

James Meredith

Attempted to enroll in the University of Mississippi.

Martin Luther King

Essay, "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

March on Washington(1963)

To end of racial prejudice.

March to Montgomery(1965)

From Selma to Montgomery.

Black Muslims and Malcolm X

Separatism and self improvement.

Race Riots and Black Power

Economic Power and racial separatism.