Analysis of the Problem (EDU.104) - Comprehensive Study Guide

A complete set of practice questions covering the definitions, phases of the scientific method, research elements, APA style, and methodology as presented in the lecture notes for EDU.104.

What is the definition of Research according to the transcript?

A systematic, organized, and objective process destined to answer a question, solve problems, or discover laws through data collection and analysis.

In the context of research, what is a Research Problem?

A gap, difficulty, or contradiction between what "should be" (the theoretical ideal) and what "really is" (the practice).

How is a Method defined?

The set of steps, procedures, and ordered rules followed to reach a specific objective or discover the truth.

What is the Scientific Method?

The structured path used by science to generate valid and reliable knowledge.

What are Variables in a research study?

Properties, attributes, or characteristics that can be measured, evaluated, or acquire different values, and whose variation is the object of study.

What is the definition of a Paragraph?

A set of sequential sentences that develop the same central idea or unified theme.

What is the purpose of a Bibliographic Card (Ficha Bibliográfica)?

An instrument used to exclusively record the identification data of a source (author, year, title, editorial, etc.) to organize the bibliography.

What is a Citation (Cita)?

The transcription or mention of ideas, phrases, or theories from an author incorporated into the research text to provide scientific support and avoid plagiarism.

List the sequential phases of the scientific method.

[Observation] ➔ [Problem Statement] ➔ [Hypothesis Formulation] ➔ [Experimentation/Collection] ➔ [Data Analysis] ➔ [Conclusion]

What is the 'Formulation of Hypothesis' phase?

The definition of an intermediate supposition or tentative answer oriented toward explaining the proposed problem.

What four elements are analyzed to identify a problem with rigor?

1. Subject/Object, 2. Context, 3. Causes, and 4. Consequences.

In the study example, who is the 'Subject' and what is the 'Context'?

Subject: Students of the Escuela San Antonio Jos) de Sucre. Context: Classroom during the $2026$ school year.

According to the 'Golden Rule of the Chair', what does the correct definition and delimitation of the problem lead to?

It leads directly to the Title of the research.

From where do the research objectives originate?

Directly from the research questions or scientific interrogatives formulated in the problem statement.

What is the difference between a General Objective and Specific Objectives?

The General Objective is the macro achievement responding to the main question, while Specific Objectives are intermediate, chronological goals to reach the general objective.

What is the grammatical rule for writing research objectives?

They must start with a single infinitive verb ending in -ar, -er, or -ir (e.g., Observe, Describe, Identify) and must not denote value judgments.

What are the three essential parts of the research Justification?

1. The importance of the problem, 2. Who benefits from the results, and 3. The contribution of the research.

What is 'Classroom Research' (Investigación de Aula)?

Practical research executed directly in the classroom to resolve immediate attentional or learning problems.

What are the three parts of a Monographic Report?

1. Preliminary Part (Front page, dedication, index), 2. Generalities/Statement (Problem, objectives, justification), and 3. Theoretical Development and Closing (Framework, conclusions, recommendations, bibliography).

What are the functions of the Theoretical Framework?

To guide the analysis process avoiding deviations, to scientifically support causal relationships, and to prevent errors from previous research.

In the classroom study example, what are the Independent and Dependent variables?

Independent Variable (Cause): The Classroom Environment (noise, excessive posters). Dependent Variable (Effect): Level of Concentration of the Students.

How is a 'Short Citation' defined in APA style?

A citation of less than $40$ words incorporated into the paragraph within quotation marks.

What is the difference between a Textual Card and an Analytical Card?

A Textual Card contains an exact transcription of a fragment, while an Analytical Card contains the researcher's analysis, synthesis, or critical interpretation.

What is the strict order for a bibliographic entry in APA style?

Surname, Initial of the Name. (Year). Title of the book in italics. Country: Editorial.

Define Synthesis and Analysis.

Synthesis is the composition of a whole by joining its parts. Analysis is the decomposition of a whole into its constituent parts to study them independently.

What is the difference between the Inductive and Deductive methods?

The Inductive method reasons from particular facts to general laws. The Deductive method applies a general theoretical maxim to a particular case or context.