AP EURO LEQ Componets

1) Analyze the various effects of the expansion of the Atlantic trade on the economy of Western Europe in the period circa 1450-1700: Thesis

Atlantic trade transformed Western Europe’s economy by stimulating commerical growth, urbanization, and economic power towards Atlanitc states, although traditional structures still persisted.

1) Analyze the various effects of the expansion of the Atlantic trade on the economy of Western Europe in the period circa 1450-1700: Contextualization

-Before 1440 European economies were feudal and agrarian

-Advances in navigation (Carvel, compass, maps) allowed exploration

-Rise of mercantilist states competing for wealth and maritime power

1) Analyze the various effects of the expansion of the Atlantic trade on the economy of Western Europe in the period circa 1450-1700: Evidence

• #1 Expansion of plantation markets and influx of wealth from silver and gold changed price levels and markets

• #2 Rise of mercantilism and empires in other continents made competition for resources and success, which serviced Europe

2) Analyze the impacts of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic reformation on the social order of sixteenth century Europe: Thesis

Both the Protestant and Catholic Reformations reshaped European social order by changing following of social and church discipline, spurring literacy & individualism, and reinforcing state authority over religion though each movement obtained these changes in different ways.

2) Analyze the impacts of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic reformation on the social order of sixteenth century Europe: Contextualization

By the 1500s corruption in the Catholic Church and humanist criticism set the stage for reform movements. The Catholic Church faced criticisms for indulgences and clerical corruption.

2) Analyze the impacts of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic reformation on the social order of sixteenth century Europe: Evidence

• Through Martin Luther’s 95 theses spreading far and wide influencing the public of the corruption of the church, Broke Catholic Church monopoly, leading to new denominations

• Emphasized personal Bible reading aided by printing press, promoting literacy and individual faith over clerical interpretation

• Rulers in Protestant areas became supreme authority over the pop, seizing Church lands and challenging papal power, strengthening secular states.

3) Analyze the reasons for the HRE as a force in European politics in the period 1517 to 1648: Thesis

The HRE declined due to religious fragmentation after the reformation and political divide post Peace of Westphalia.

3) Analyze the reasons for the HRE as a force in European politics in the period 1517 to 1648: Evidence

• Luther reduces religious unity through his writings and influence of Religion

• France and Sweden undermined the empire in Thirty Years War, gained influence and rights

• Westphalia legal independence of 300+ states treaties, by transferring power from the Emperor to individual princes, granting them near-sovereignty

3) Analyze the reasons for the HRE as a force in European politics in the period 1517 to 1648: Contextualization

The HRE was decentralized but still a large political entity due to the Habsburgs, The Thirty Years War devastated central Europe leading to large changes within the HRE and its states.

4) Evaluate the most significant effect of the Enlightenment on European society during the period 1688 to 1815: Thesis

While the Enlightenment influenced economics and religion, its most significant effect was the transformation of politics through new ideas about rights, governance, and social reforms that led to revolutions and new power.

4) Evaluate the most significant effect of the Enlightenment on European society during the period 1688 to 1815: Contextualization

The Scientific Revolution had already encouraged the questioning of authority. Philosophers question matters of absolutism, religion and social hierarchies. These ideas traveled across Europe and the Americas transforming the old ways of political thinking.

4) Evaluate the most significant effect of the Enlightenment on European society during the period 1688 to 1815: Evidence

• Locke and Montesquieu as philosophers belief in constitutionalism

• Revolutionary movements such as American and french revolution

• Moves across all social classes and is adopted by rulers to keep the people satisfied.

• New ideals like separation of powers, checks and balances

5) Evaluate to the extent to which the political consequences of Britain’s Glorious Revolution differed from the political consequences of the French Revolution: Thesis

The Glorious Revolution produced limited elite-driven constitutional reforms leading to enlightened absolutism, while the French Revolution fundamentally reconstructed political power by abolishing monarchy and destabilizing Europe showcasing more differences than similarities.

5) Evaluate to the extent to which the political consequences of Britain’s Glorious Revolution differed from the political consequences of the French Revolution: Contextualization

Both revolutions changed monarchies but occurred due to different wants by the people. The Glorious Revolution replaces James II with William and Mary and ended with Protestant recession. The French Revolution lacked peace and was incredibly more radical, filled with war, and intense social changes. France had conflict between monarch and states while Britain had conflict over taxation and religion.

5) Evaluate to the extent to which the political consequences of Britain’s Glorious Revolution differed from the political consequences of the French Revolution: Evidence

• England obtained a constitutional monarchy with a strong and equal parliament

• France ended their estate system and fight for radical republicanism

• parliamentary supremacy vs a republic experiment

• elite drive for compromise vs mass amounts and popular sovereignty

6) Analyze the ways in which arts of the Renaissance period reflected new conceptions of the individual: Thesis

Renaissance art reflected emerging conceptions of the individual through the celebration of human potential, a realistic representation of the human form, and the rise of secular although religious themes were still around.

6) Analyze the ways in which arts of the Renaissance period reflected new conceptions of the individual: Contextualization

Medieval Europe emphasized religious identity in artistic forms. Wealth patrons funded this artistic innovation and allowed the craft to become widespread and highly prized. As well as posthumanism era emphasized individual achievement and the importance of secular knowledge.

6) Analyze the ways in which arts of the Renaissance period reflected new conceptions of the individual: Evidence

• humanism influence of self portraits and individual patrons

• naturalism anatomical accuracy and the importance of perspective

• secularism classic mythology revived, self over god

7) Describe and analyze the influence of the Enlightenment on both elite culture and popular culture in the eighteenth century: Thesis

The Enlightenment reshaped the elite culture through salons, scientific inquiry, and political culture by increasing literacy, spreading print media, and encouraging public debate but was uneven across social classes.

7) Describe and analyze the influence of the Enlightenment on both elite culture and popular culture in the eighteenth century: Contextualization

Scientific revolution promoted rational through and skepticism through predefined authority. The middle class wanted to participate in the smart life and public debate leading to new increased methods of spreading the word.

7) Describe and analyze the influence of the Enlightenment on both elite culture and popular culture in the eighteenth century: Evidence

• Elite used salons, academies, philosophies to educate themselves

• Literacy, newspapers, pamphlets and coffeehouses were used commonly around everyone

8) Evaluate the most significant motivation for European Voyages of discovery and exploration in the period 1450 to 1600: Thesis

Although religious passionate and curiosity were part of the reason the most significant motivation for European Voyages was the hope of economic gain, states wanted to new trade routes to Asia, access to available goods, and mercantilist expansion.

8) Evaluate the most significant motivation for European Voyages of discovery and exploration in the period 1450 to 1600: Contextualization

Demand for luxury products such as spices, silk, and luxury goods increased in Europe. Advances in navigation improved overall travel, maritime, and economic advancement competition.

8) Evaluate the most significant motivation for European Voyages of discovery and exploration in the period 1450 to 1600: Evidence

• economic need of spices and trade routes

• political competition without empires looking to expand and harness resources

• religious motives were often a cover for economic aims

9) Analyze the various ways in which government policies during the revolutionary era and napoleonic era contribute to a greater sense of French national identity in the period 1789 to 1815: Thesis

Revolutionary and napoleonic governments fostered national identity through universal citizenship, standardized institutions, and mass numbers creating a shared sense of belonging that went from all divisions.

9) Analyze the various ways in which government policies during the revolutionary era and napoleonic era contribute to a greater sense of French national identity in the period 1789 to 1815: Contextualization

Before 1789 France was hierarchical, unequal, and largely fragmented. The old France depended on estates, privilege, and the absolute monarchy.The revolution goal was to redefine sovereignty from king to nation.

9) Analyze the various ways in which government policies during the revolutionary era and napoleonic era contribute to a greater sense of French national identity in the period 1789 to 1815: Evidence

• Universal citizenship through declaration of rights of man

• standards such as metric system, administrative departments, napoleonic code

• educational reforms state run and start curriculum that all citizens participated/learned

10) Evaluate to the extent to which the development of political ideologies was affected by industrialization during the period from 1815 to 1914: Thesis

Industrialization shaped political ideologies by strengthening liberal demands for reform, provoking the emergence of socialism, and enforcing conservatism.

10) Evaluate to the extent to which the development of political ideologies was affected by industrialization during the period from 1815 to 1914: Evidence

• liberalism through middle class reforms, suffrage debates

• urbanization and polarization created conditions for labor movements and trade unions

• middle class liberalism responded with calls for political representation and economic freedoms