U.S. History 1 Honors - Progressivism, Urbanization, Graft, the Election of 1912, Immigration, Roosevelt, Women's Suffrage, and Segregation and Discrimination

____________________ Europeans entered the U.S. between 1870 and 1920. Later on, many people came from

20 million

People wanted to immigrant to escape ______________________ from governments and not enough ________ to support everyone since the population in Europe was increasing.

persecution
land

Between 1851 and 1883, over ______________ Chinese immigrants came over to the United States.

300,000

______________ immigrants came over to the United States, majorly through the west coast. They wanted to look for work and wealth and were inspired by chances to find gold. Many of these immigrants worked on the railroads.

Chinese

By 1920, more than ______________ Japanese immigrants lived on the west coast.

200,000

______________ people entered the Southern part of the U.S. from Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and other islands to look for work.

260,000

About ______________ people from Mexico immigrated to the U.S. following major political upheaval. Many settled in the West as ______________.

700,000
farmers

By 1870, travel was done by ____________________.

steamships

On their journey to the United States, many immigrants would travel in ________________, which is at the bottom of the boat.

steerage

On their journey to the United States, many of the wealthy would stay in the ____________ at the top of the boat.

cabins

In steerage, it was very cramped. Many of the sheets people used were ________ infested, toilets were shared, and the conditions were very ______ considering there were few windows.

lice
hot

European immigrants would arrive between ________________ and ____________________ at Ellis Island.

New York
New Jersey

At Ellis Island, immigrants would be asked questions, screened for ______________________________, and pay a fee of $____ (at the time) to enter the United States

health concerns
25

__% of people were denied entry at Ellis Island.

2

An estimated ____________________ immigrants entered through Ellis Island.

17 million

Between 1910 and 1940, ____________ Asian immigrants would enter the U.S. through San Francisco at Angel Island.

50000

At Angel Island, immigrants were ______________ questioned and would be ________________ for several days in __________ conditions.

harshly
detained
awful

Once immigrants came into the country, many of them would live together in certain parts of cities. These areas became known today as "__________________," "________________________," etc.

Chinatown
Little Italy

Immigrants would gravitate to places where their languages were spoken. Jobs were more ______________ and ______________________________ were often similar because of this.

welcome
cultural ideals

Immigrants began to think of themselves as ____________________ Americans (Italian-American, Chinese-American, etc).

hyphenated

The United States began to be seen as a ______________________, which is a mixture of people from different cultures and races living together.

melting pot

________________ is the favoritism of people born in the U.S. over immigrants for various things like jobs, housing, and political positions.

Nativism

An example of Nativism is the belief at the time that Anglo Saxons, people from England or Germany, were ____________ than other people from around the world.

better

An example of Nativism was the creation of the____________________________________________________________ convinced Congress to approve literacy tests for new immigrants.

Immigration Restriction League

An example of Nativism was the creation of the ______________________________________________________________, which was against different religions like Catholicism or Judaism.

American Protective Association

Many people in the West feared that they would lose their jobs to Chinese immigrants because they were willing to accept __________ wages and work more __________________ jobs.

lower
dangerous

The __________________________________________ banned entry of all Chinese immigrants into the United States, except for students, merchants, tourists, or government officials. This happened because Whites feared job competition. This was not repealed until 1943.

Chinese Exclusion Act

In 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education segregated ________________ children from their schools. Japan protested against this, and ______________________________ worked out a deal.

Japanese
Teddy Roosevelt

The U.S. repealed the segregation order of Japanese children from their schools in 1906 is Japan would limit the number of __________________ workers coming to the United States.

unskilled

________________________ is the growth and expansion of cities primarily in the Northeast and Midwest.

Urbanization

Immigrants wanted to move to cities because there's more people that's of the same ______________________ or ____________ group of them. It's very ____________________, and there's more job opportunities.

nationality
ethnic
convenient

The ________________________________________________ was designed to assimilate people of all different cultures into dominant American culture.

Americanization Movement

School and voluntary programs taught ______________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, and ________________________________________________________.

citizenship
English literacy
American history
cooking and social etiquette

__________________________________________ forced Southern farmers to give up their dreams of farming and move elsewhere.

Mechanical inventions

Hundreds of thousands of African Americans lost their ______________ jobs to machines in the South.

farming

______________ African Americans moved North to cities like ______________ and ______________ to escape racial violence and get new jobs.

200,000
Chicago
Detroit

__________________ are single-family houses with similar dwellings on both sides. Each house shares walls with other houses.

Row homes

__________________ are multi-family urban dwellings that were old and unsanitary. 2-3 families per 1 room apartment.

Tenements

Infrequent __________ pick-up led to rats and insects eating garbage built up in buildings.

trash

________________________ was designed to move large amounts of people over distances.

Mass transit

The first streets cars were in ____________________________________.

San Francisco 1873

The first subway ever was in ______________________.

Boston 1897

Some cities and buildings did not have ______________________, and therefore were no sinks, toilets, or showers.

piped water

People had to collect water from ______________ in the street and heat it for bathing.

faucets

____________________ was designed in the 1870s and the process of ________________________ was made to kill bacteria in 1908.

Filtration
chlorination

Since there were no cars back then, __________ and ________________ was the main mode of transportation.

horse
carriage

Horse ____________ would pile up on the streets because it was one of the ways people were being transported.

manure

_____________ would get into the water system.

Sewage

People dumped their garbage on the streets, and there was no regular trash ____________________.

collection

By 1900, cities had developed ______________________ and ____________________ departments.

sewer lines
sanitation

Due to rapid increases in population, police forces were often too __________ and often ______________.

small
corrupt

Since most cities in the late 1800s were old buildings, __________ were a major issue.

fires

The nation's first paid fire department was in 1853, ________________________________.

Cincinnati, Ohio

The switch to buildings made of __________ and __________made cities safer.

steel
stone

The ____________________________________________ preached salvation through service to the poor.

Social Gospel Movement

__________________________________ were community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area, including immigrants.

Settlement houses

Settlement houses were usually run by ____________________________________________.

college educated women

Classes in settlement houses were primarily on ______________, ____________, and ________________.

English
health
painting

Settlement houses also provided support for ________________________.

abused women

____________ were there for the poor at settlement houses, who couldn't afford doctors.

Nurses

______________________ was one of the top reformers of the time period.

Jane Addams

Along with __________________________________, she and Jane Adams founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889.

Ellen Gates Starr

The Hull House in Chicago in 1889 helped __________ and the ________ in inner cities.

women
poor

The ______________________________________________________________ was the first settlement house for African Americans and was founded by ________________________________________.

Locust Street Social Settlement
Janie Porter Barrett

The __________________________________ was an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city. It often offered services to ____________ and ____________________ for political or financial support.

Political Machine
voters
businesses

Political Machines were built like a ______________.

pyramid

The base of the political machine triangle was made up of __________________________________ or ______________ in city neighborhoods.

precinct captains
workers

The middle of the political machine triangle was the __________________. They would secure all votes in his part of the city and would help the poor to gain more votes.

Ward Boss

The top of the political machine triangle was the __________________ was at the top of the political ladder in the city.

City Boss

Political bosses control ______________________________________________________________________, __________________________________, ________________________________, ______________________, ______________, __________________, ____________________, and are __________________

access to municipal jobs (patronage)
business licenses
municipal courts
build parks
schools
hospitals
orphanages
well-paid

Many __________________________________ were 2nd generation immigrants. This gave them an advantage since they could speak to immigrants in their native language.

precinct captains

Political machines would help immigrants obtain ______________________, ________, and ______________. In return, these immigrants would ________ for political bosses.

citizenship
jobs
housing
vote

People would change their ____________________ or use ____________________ to get multiple votes in an election.

appearance
fake names

____________ are the illegal use of political influence for personal gain.

Grafts

____________________ were a result of billing the city extra money for a project and then taking that extra cash and keeping it.

Kick-backs

____________ would be taken and police forces would be hired by political bosses.

Bribes

__________________________ became the head of Tammany Hall.

William Tweed

________________________ was NYC's most powerful Democratic political machine.

Tammany Hall

William Tweed was also known as ____________________.

Boss Tweed

Tweed used ____________________ dollars to build a new courthouse when the actual price was __________________ dollars. He kept the difference.

13 million
3 million

The Tweed Ring Scandal was broken in 1871 and Tweed was brought up on ______ counts of __________ and ____________________.

120
fraud
corruption

Tweed was sentenced to ____ years in jail, but only served __ year.

12
1

The ________________________________________ was a time period aimed to return control of the government to the people, restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life.

Progressive Movement

There were __ goals that Progressives strived to complete.

4

The first goal of progressivism is __________________________________________________.

protecting social welfare

The goal of protecting social welfare was to ________________________________________________________________________________.

soften the harsh conditions of factories

The ________________________________________________________________________________ built libraries and taught classes. They were basically a settlement house, and their goal was to try and help people out.

Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)

The ____________________________ formed to provide soup kitchens, etc.

Salvation Army

______________________________ was an advocate for helping women and children. This was the person who passed the Illinois Factory Act in 1893.

Florence Kelley

The ________________________________________ in 1893, which banned child labor and limited women's work hours in factories.

Illinois Factory Act

The second goal of progressivism is ______________________________________________________.

promoting moral improvement

The goal of promoting moral improvement was for ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

immigrants and the poor to improve themselves by improving their personal behavior

______________________ was the banning of alcohol beverages.

Prohibition

The _________________________________________ led the prohibition efforts.

Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Even though prohibition was supposed to be practiced, saloons often refused to close since ____________________ were frequent customers, leading to problems.

immigrants

The third goal of progressivism is ______________________________.

economic reform

The goal of economic reform was to __________________________________________________________________________________________________.

improve economic conditions for the common person

______________________ organized the Socialist Party in 1901 to question capitalism and how the rich get richer.

Eugene Debs

Reporters called ____________________ would expose the corrupt nature of big businesses. These people would expose people in the government, etc. People who exposed Boss Tweed are an example of this.

muckrakers

______________________ exposed John Rockefeller as a robber baron, making her a muckraker.

Ida Tarbell