History - November assessment 3rd year

Where did the Celts come from?

The Celts came from central Europe, specifically modern Austria and Switzerland.

When did the Celts arrive in Ireland?

The Celts arrived in Ireland around 500-300 BC.

What did the Celts bring to Ireland?

The Celts brought culture, language, and ironworking to Ireland.

How was Irish society structured during the Celtic period?

Ireland was divided into tuath (kingdoms), each ruled by a rí (king). Society included the aos dána (warriors, poets, druids, craftsmen), farmers, laborers, and slaves.

What were the Celtic religious beliefs?

The Celts were pagans, worshipping gods of nature, with druids as spiritual figures.

What were the burial practices of the Celts?

The Celts cremated their dead, placing ashes and goods in graves marked by ogham stones.

When did Christianity likely reach Ireland?

Christianity likely reached Ireland by the fourth century AD.

Who was the first recorded bishop of the Irish Christians?

Bishop Palladius is the first recorded bishop of the Irish Christians, sent in AD 431.

Who was St. Patrick?

St. Patrick was originally brought to Ireland as a slave from Wales and later returned as a bishop to spread Christianity.

What did St. Patrick do for Christianity in Ireland?

St. Patrick established churches, baptized converts, and documented his work in Confessio.

What was life like for monks in early Irish monasteries?

Monks lived apart from society in monasteries to devote their lives to God.

What is the name of the first Irish monastery?

The first Irish monastery, Inis Mór, was founded by St. Enda.

How did monks live daily in early Irish monasteries?

Monks prayed six to eight times daily and handled farm tasks to be self-sufficient.

What was the significance of Irish monasteries?

Irish monasteries became renowned for teaching literature, arts, and the Gospel, earning Ireland the name “Land of Saints and Scholars.”

What was the function of the oratory in early Christian Irish monasteries?

The oratory was a wooden or stone church where monks attended Mass or prayed.

What was the scriptorium in early Irish monasteries?

The scriptorium was a room where manuscripts were copied and illustrated by scribes.

What was the refectory in early Irish monasteries?

The refectory was the room where monks ate their meals.

What was the round tower in early Irish monasteries?

The round tower was a safe place for people during attacks.

What was the function of the guesthouse in early Irish monasteries?

The guesthouse was for travelers or visiting tradespeople.

What were the fields used for in early Irish monasteries?

The fields were used for crops and grazing animals.

What was the cemetery used for in early Irish monasteries?

The cemetery was for monks' simple graves.

What was the external wall used for in early Irish monasteries?

The external wall was a circular wall or bank used for protection.

What was the significance of manuscripts in early Christian Ireland?

Manuscripts contained the Gospels, Psalms, and accounts of saints' lives.

What is the Book of Kells?

The Book of Kells is one of the most famous early Christian Irish manuscripts, containing the four Gospels.

What kind of metalwork did Irish monks create?

Irish monks were skilled in creating beautiful metalwork, like the Ardagh Chalice (eighth century).

What is a high cross in early Christian Ireland?

A high cross is a free-standing stone cross, usually with elaborate carvings showing biblical scenes.

What is the Cross of the Scriptures?

The Cross of the Scriptures is a high stone cross located in Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly.

What does "pagan" mean in the context of early Christian Ireland?

A pagan is someone who worships various gods, often with a focus on nature.

Who were the druids in pre-Christian Celtic Ireland?

Druids were spiritual figures, similar to priests, who played a major role in Celtic religious practices.

What is a monastery?

A monastery is a closed religious community where monks live by strict religious rules.

What is a manuscript?

A manuscript is a book written by hand, of religious texts and accounts of saints' lives.

What is a longphort?

A longphort is a Viking camp by the water, used for raids and military operations.