Byzantine empire/russia

byzantine- basics of location, religion, influences, and final conquering

they continue with some roman culture but it changes over the yrs, making latin go away and greek returning

eventually they forget their roman heritage

this makes them separate from the west

learn from romans in engineering and law

Location:

• centered on the city of Constantinople

• in asia minor

• crossroads of fertile cresent, europe, and asia

• controlled Bosporus strait (TRADE FROM BLACK SEA TO MED SEA AND MORE)

Religion:

• Christian state with Eastern Orthodox Christianity as its official religion

• Emperor still follows the pope but sees himself as christ’s co ruler (so technically there are 2 rulers, jesus being the more important one)

  • passed both religious and secular laws

  • will appoint religious leaders as well which makes the pope mad

Influences:

• justinian’s code influenced by rome

• roman architechure

Final Conquering

• Byzantine Empire faced numerous challenges over the centuries, including invasions by Persians, Arabs, Seljuk Turks, and Crusaders, and vikings

• schism weakened byzantine

  • western refused to help byzantine from invaders

• 4th crusade alkso weakened

• fell eventually to ottoman turks

  • now islamic

byzantine art and architechure

Art and Architechure:

• religious mosaics

  • made of little glaSS/TILES/GEMS cemented into place to make art stunning in light

  • bigger than life size

  • emperor is often protrayed with jesus or holily

    • hold chalice, halo, with priets, crown

    • BUT ALSO some secular parts aswell, like nect to ladies in waiting or warriors

• Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, which features a massive dome and elaborate decorations.

constantinople

seat of power for 1000 yrs

great location of Bosporus starit, making them control a lot of trade

• aLso had protection from attacks

  • on a cliff

    • vantage points

  • seas on 3 sides and walled off fortifications on land side

overall, greatest christian city in christian europe

• everyone wants to go there

• engineering, trade. diverse, large,

• has a silk industry

  • makes china mad

justinian and theodora

theodora was a prostitute

reclaimed parts of the westerhn roman empire but it costed a lot

had the nika revolts

rebu8ilt constantinople

made hagia sophia

made justinians code

• rearranges all roman laws and cleans them up

  • so good that western europle gets roman heritage from these laws

BUT
left byzantine when he died, bankrupt due to expenses of taking back parts of roman empire

after his death, all that territory was lost anyway

left byzantine vulnerable to attacks from persians and muslims

nika revolts

both the rich and poor are mad at justinian and theodora that they try to burn down the capital

justinian wants to flee but throdora says no, which is smart

they unite the classes with the emperor in the dome during a chariot race

they lock the doors and kill everyone

now they rebuild constantinople

hagia sophia

a great christian church

“church of holy wisom”

took 5 years to complete

built a dome in the center with arches, making it took like its floating

converted to a mosk when the muslims take over]

incredible art on walls

great schism of 1054

started bc the pope is suppost to be a head of church but eastern citizens dont fell a connection to the pope and want to support the emperor AND icon use

East

• no icons

• greek bible

• preists can get married

• emperor has both religiopus and political power

  • over bishops too

• emphasis on easter

West

• icon use (for people who cant read/write)

• latin bible

• priests stay cellibant

• pope is less politically powerful but still a religious leader

• emphasis on christmas

basically, rift leads to both sides excommunicating eachother, and now they r two seprate churches

eastern orthodox church and roman catholic church

eventualy the east will use icons again

rus

first true leader of russia

• can read/write

• vikings mix with slavics and bump into byzantine empire, in awe of their culture, and realized they are technologically behind

Rurik of the Rus

kyiv

becomes capital of russia

located along trade route with byzantine empire

became a very large trading center

• kyiv is where many resources come from

also imported cultural isdeas from byzantine

• religion (emperor having political and religious power)

cryil and methodius

2 byzantine monks who spoke slavic language

converted many of kyivan rus people to chrustianity

celebrated mass in slavic (not a written language)

• makes them feel welcome and understand the ceremony

created the cryllic alphabet

• based on greek alphabet

• helps people learn to read

cryllic alphabet

based on greek alphabet

helps slavic people learn to read and write (bible!!)

vladimir I

converted to Christianity (better than pagans which is what they were in the past)

married the sister pf the byzantine emperor

made christianity the state religion of kyivan rus

economically and politically advantagous for vlad to espablish stronger ties to the byzantine thru religion

after schism, made russian orthodox church

russian orthodox church

the church that valdimir makes that is based on the byzantine church

not like islamic because they cant have alcohol and russians drink lots of alchohol because it keeps you warm and it’s distilled

not like roman catholics because that means the emperor couldnt have apolitical power

makes vladimir a saint

relationship between emperor and christianity

emperor has both political and religious power, allowing him to make decisions for both

even for bishops

emperoras convert to chirstianity

russia likes this and adopts it into their culture

mosics- what they are and significance of justinian and theodora

mosaics are mostly religous but also political

they are little glass stones or glass cemented into the wall to make beautifulart when in light

• bigger then life size

• not roman catholic

they depict justinian and theodora both religiously (halos, holding chalice, with priest) but also politically (next to warriors, with a crown, etc)

icon controversy- what happened, how it was solved

western europe wants to use icons because they cant read and write so for them to learn about god, they need to have visual things but the east sees that as worshipping and idol

one of the causes of the great schism of 1054

eventually icons will start to be used again

impacts of byzantine empire on russia

thru books, merchants, travelers, and vald married sister of byzantine king

alphabet (greek alphabet)

their religion

• emperor both having political and religious power

• mass

books

knowledge

fighting and artistic style

art

clothing