Psychology - Chapter 5

PSY2012 Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding (5th edition)

Circadian rhythm

Latin for about a day, the cyclical changes to our biological processes that occur on a 24-hour basis.

Imagery rehearsal therapy

Combating nightmares by rehearsing a new, more positive dream at different times during the day.

Adjustive value

The significance or importance of a stimulus in influencing behavior, often related to motivation and emotional responses. (Enhances positive emotional reactions and minimizes negative ones)

Freud’s dream protection theory

The idea that dreams serve to protect the dreamer from anxiety and distress by disguising threatening thoughts and feelings.

Activation-synthesis theory

The theory that dreams are the result of the brain's attempts to make sense of random neural activity during sleep, leading to the synthesis of a narrative. (Hobson & McCarley)

Augmented construction theory

A theory that suggests dreams are constructed from the individual's experiences and emotions, providing a means of processing and integrating these elements into a coherent narrative.

Neurocognitive theory

A theory that posits dreams are a reflection of the dreamer's cognitive abilities and emotional experiences, integrating elements from their waking life into the dream narrative. (Advance with aging)

Cataplexy

A sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions, often associated with narcolepsy.

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, often accompanied by cataplexy.

Latent content

The hidden psychological meaning behind the dream's manifest content, often revealing repressed desires and thoughts. (Freud)

jamais vu

The phenomenon of experiencing a situation that one recognizes but feels unfamiliar or strange.

deja vu

The sensation of having already experienced a present situation, often accompanied by a feeling of familiarity.

Induction method

Used by hypnotists to increase people’s suggestibility (shock, closing eyes, and focusing attention).

Forebrain

Plays an important role in our ability to dream and sleep cycle.