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Chloroplast
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis.
Epidermis
means ‘skin’ or ‘outermost layer’. In plants the upper epidermis is transparent so that light can pass through it and the lower layer contains the stomata.
Leaf vein
Groups of xylem and phloem tissue in a plant.
Organ
A group of different tissues that work together to carry out a particular function, eg heart and lungs.
Organism
Living entity, eg animals, plants or microorganisms.
Palisade Mesophyll
Plant tissue containing closely packed cells which contain lots of chloroplasts in the upper layer of a leaf. Where most light is absorbed.
Phloem
The tissue in plants that transports the products of photosynthesis, including sugars and amino acids.
Photosynthesis
A chemical process used by plants to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, using light energy.
Spongy mesophyll
The plant tissue in a leaf which has loosely packed cells and air spaces between them to allow gas exchange.
Starch
A type of carbohydrate. Plants can turn the glucose produced in photosynthesis into starch for storage because it is insoluble.
Stomata
Tiny holes in the epidermis of a leaf. They control gas exchange by opening and closing and are involved in loss of water from leaves. Singular is stoma.
Transpiration
The evaporation of water from the leaves through stomata
Transpiration stream
The continuous flow of water from the roots to the leaves of a plant through the xylem
Xylem vessels
Narrow, hollow, dead tubes with lignin, responsible for the transport of water and minerals in plants.
