3.5 Chemistry - Organic Chemistry
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Last updated 7:14 PM on 7/28/23
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42 Terms
1
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Alkane → CO2 + H2O
\+ O2(g)
\[complete combustion\]
\[complete combustion\]
2
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Alkane → CO/C+ H2O
\+O2(g)
\[incomplete combustion\]
\[incomplete combustion\]
3
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Alkane → Haloalkane
\+X2 (halogen)
UV light (Catalyst)
\[Substitution\]
UV light (Catalyst)
\[Substitution\]
4
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Alkene → Alkane
\+H2
Pt (catalyst)
\[Addition\] / \[hydrogenation\]
Pt (catalyst)
\[Addition\] / \[hydrogenation\]
5
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Alkene → Alcohol
\+H2O
H2SO4 + Heat (Catalyst)
\[Addition\] / \[Hydration\]
H2SO4 + Heat (Catalyst)
\[Addition\] / \[Hydration\]
6
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Alkene → Haloalkane
\+X2 (Halogen)
\[Addition\] / \[Halogenation\]
\[Addition\] / \[Halogenation\]
7
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Alkene → Haloalkane
\+HX2 (hydrogen halide)
\[Addition\]
\[Addition\]
8
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Haloalkanes → Alcohols
\+aqueous, **DILUTE,** OH- (KOH or NaOH)
Heated under reflux (Catalyst)
\[Substitution\]
Heated under reflux (Catalyst)
\[Substitution\]
9
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Haloalkanes → Amines
\+Concentrated NH3 (con. ethanolic ammonia)
heat (Catalyst)
\[Substitution\]
heat (Catalyst)
\[Substitution\]
10
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Haloalkanes → Alkenes
\+**CONCENTRATED** OH- in pure ethanol (KOH or NaOH)
Heated to extremely high temperatures under reflux (Catalyst)
\[Elimination\]
Heated to extremely high temperatures under reflux (Catalyst)
\[Elimination\]
11
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amine + water
→ conjugate + OH-
\[Acid Base Reaction\]
\[Acid Base Reaction\]
12
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amine + acid
→ salt + water
\[Acid Base Reaction\]
\[Acid Base Reaction\]
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Alcohol → Alkenes (+ water)
\+**CONCENTRATED** H2SO4
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Elimination\]/dehydration
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Elimination\]/dehydration
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Primary Alcohol → Aldehyde
Cr2O72-/H+ (acidified dichromate)
MnO4- /H+
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Oxidation\]
Can be further oxidised to form carboxylic acid
MnO4- /H+
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Oxidation\]
Can be further oxidised to form carboxylic acid
15
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Primary Alcohol → Carboxylic Acid
Cr2O72-/H+ (acidified dichromate)
MnO4- /H+
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Oxidation\]
MnO4- /H+
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Oxidation\]
16
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Secondary Alcohol → Ketone
Cr2O72-/H+ (acidified dichromate)
MnO4- /H+
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Oxidation\]
MnO4- /H+
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Oxidation\]
17
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Alcohol → Chloroalkane
Reagents: SOCl2, PCl5, PCl3, ZnCl2 or conc. HCl or conc. HBr
\[Substitution\]
substitution of the OH group with a Cl- to form a chloroalkane
\[Substitution\]
substitution of the OH group with a Cl- to form a chloroalkane
18
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Colour Change For:
Primary Alcohol + Cr2O72-/H+
Primary Alcohol + Cr2O72-/H+
Orange → Green
produces aldehyde→carboxylic acid
\[Oxidation\]
produces aldehyde→carboxylic acid
\[Oxidation\]
19
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Colour Change For:
Secondary Alcohol + MnO4-/H+
Secondary Alcohol + MnO4-/H+
Purple → Colourless
produces ketones
\[Oxidation\]
produces ketones
\[Oxidation\]
20
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Colour Change For:
Secondary Alcohol + Cr2O72-/H+
Secondary Alcohol + Cr2O72-/H+
Orange → Green
produces ketones
\[Oxidation\]
produces ketones
\[Oxidation\]
21
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Colour Change For:
Primary Alcohol +MnO4-/H+
Primary Alcohol +MnO4-/H+
Purple → Colourless
produces aldehyde→carboxylic acid
\[Oxidation\]
produces aldehyde→carboxylic acid
\[Oxidation\]
22
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Colour Change For:
Tertiary Alcohol + MnO4-/H+
Tertiary Alcohol + MnO4-/H+
Remains purple (no colour change)
no reaction
no reaction
23
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Colour Change For:
Tertiary Alcohol + Cr2O72-/H+
Tertiary Alcohol + Cr2O72-/H+
Remains orange (no colour change)
no reaction
no reaction
24
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Aldehyde heated with Tollen's Reagent produces:
Silver colour forms inside test tube
Aldehyde is oxidised to a carboxylic acid
Aldehyde is oxidised to a carboxylic acid
25
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Ketone heated with Tollen's Reagent produces:
Reaction doesn't take place as Ketone is NOT oxidised
26
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Aldehyde heated with Fehling's Reagent produces
From blue to brown copper inside test tube
Aldehyde is oxidised to a carboxylic acid
Aldehyde is oxidised to a carboxylic acid
27
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Ketone heated with Fehling’s Reagent produces:
Reaction doesn't take place as Ketone is NOT oxidised
28
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Tollen’s Reagent
\
29
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Benedict’s Reagent
30
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Fehling’s Reagent
31
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Aldehyde heated with MnO4-/H+
32
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Aldehyde heated with Cr2O72-/H+
33
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Ketone heated with MnO4-/H+
34
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Ketone heated with Cr2O72-/H+
35
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Aldehyde → Carboxylic Acid
Tollen’s - \[Ag(NH3)2\]+ (Ag+ → Ag(s)) (colourless → silver)
\
Benedict’s - Cu2+ → Cu+ (Cu2O) (blue → brick red)
\
Fehling’s- Cu2+ → Cu+ (Cu2O) (blue → brick red)
\
Cr2O72-/H+ (acidified dichromate) - Orange → Green
MnO4- /H+ (acidified permanganate) - Purple → Colourless
\
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Oxidation\]
\
Benedict’s - Cu2+ → Cu+ (Cu2O) (blue → brick red)
\
Fehling’s- Cu2+ → Cu+ (Cu2O) (blue → brick red)
\
Cr2O72-/H+ (acidified dichromate) - Orange → Green
MnO4- /H+ (acidified permanganate) - Purple → Colourless
\
Heat (Catalyst)
\[Oxidation\]
36
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Aldehyde → Primary Alcohol
Reagent: NaBH4
\[Reduction\]
\[Reduction\]
37
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Ketone → Secondary Alcohol
Reagent: NaBH4
\[Reduction\]
\[Reduction\]
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40
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42
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